Psychological Measurement Chapter 2 and 3 Flashcards
Individual decision
If test taker use their own test scores to make decisions about themselves
Institutional decision
When decisions are made by another person based on examinees results
Comparative decision
comparing a number of people to see who has the best score
Absolute decision
Decisions made by others/entities base on minimum score needed to qualify (graduate score, a job)
Robert Yerkes
Designed the army alpha and beta tests (first mental tests designed for group testing)
Average intelligence scores of african american men were much lower than scores of white men
Walter Lippmann
Questioned the army alpha and beta test
He wondered if intelligence tests measured intelligence and whether intelligence was determined by heredity or through life experiences (nature vs nurture)
Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray
Argued that IQ is important, it is between 40-80% heritable
- Suggested that differences between black and white men were because of genetics factors
General aptitude test battery (GATB)
Showed that GATB scores minority groups below other groups (discrimiation)
- had within group norming
Within group norming
the practice of administering the same test to every test taker but scoring the test differently according to the race of the test taker
Integrity tests
measure individual attitudes and experience towards honesty, dependability, trustworthiness, reliability, and prosocial behaviour
Ethics
Express the professional values foundational to a profession
Ethical standards
Must be followed by professionals
- Not laws established by government bodies
- Violation of ethics standards has various penalties
APA
The American Psychological Association
- published the first ethical standards for psychological testing for psychologists in 1953
JCTP
The Joint Committee on Testing Practices
- Established by AERA
AERA
American Educational Research Association
- Standards for educational and psychological testing
SIOP
Society of Industrial organization psychologist
- help create standards for practice for industrial organizational psychologists
ITC
international test commissions
- looks at publishers
SHRM
Society for human resources and human management
licensure
mandatory for individuals to practice their profession; licence to practice
certifications
professional credential that professionals earn by demonstrating knowledge, skills and ability to undertake certain activities
- Must pass exam
Test Publisher
the developer/publisher/seller of the instrument/test
- Publishes in mental measurement yearbook
Test user
the individuals who determines the needs for psychological testing
- selects the test/instrument,
- administers the testing procedure,
- scores/interprets the test, the organization or practice that will eventually use the information to make certain decisions
The Test Taker
person who responds to the instrument/test questions
Confidentiality
means that individuals are assured that all personal information they disclose will be kept private and will not be disclosed to others without their explicit permission
Anonymity
practice of administering test or obtaining information without the identity of the participant
Informed consent
Refers to the process of explaining to individuals such things as why they are being tested, the purpose of the test, if and how third parties might be involved and if what fees might be involved.
Sensory impairments
deafness and blindness
Motor impairments
paralysis, missing limbs
Cognitive impairments
Mental challenges that include intellectual disabilities, learning
disabilities and traumatic brain injuries.
multicultural backgrounds
Individuals who belong to various minority groups based on race, cultural or ethnic origin, sexual orientation, family unit, primary language
