Psychological measurement Chapter 1

Question 1

Quantitative

Answer 1

is subject to numerical qualification

Question 2

Psychological Test

Answer 2

Is a measurement tool or technique that requires a person to perform a behaviour in order to make inferences about human attributes, traits, characteristics or predict future outcomes

Question 3

Measurement

Answer 3

is a set of rules for assigning numbers to traits, objects, attributes, skills, behaviour

Question 4

Assessment

Answer 4

is a systematic procedure for collecting information that can be used to make inferences/predictions about people (e.g., an interview, observation, checking records).

Question 5

Psychological Construct

Answer 5

are the underlying observable traits, attributes, characteristics or behaviours that tests are designed to describe, understand and measure

Question 6

Behaviour Sampling

Answer 6

a sample of behaviour

Question 7

Standardization

Answer 7

The behaviour sample is obtained under standardized conditions

Question 8

Scoring Rules

Answer 8

There are established scoring rules for obtaining quantitative information from the behaviour sample. (Objective and Subjective)

Question 9

Inference

Answer 9

Using evidence to reach a conclusion

Question 10

Psychometrics

Answer 10

is the quantitative and technical aspects of testing

Question 11

Psychometrics Quality

Answer 11

Psychological tests can differ in terms of their psychometric quality (good or bad)

Question 12

Critique test

Answer 12

Is an analysis of the test

Question 13

High stakes test

Answer 13

Test that is used to make important decisions

Question 14

Yushun

Answer 14

Xia Dynasty: (Chinese Era)
(chinese emperor) administered examinations to officials every 3rd year fo determine whether they were suitable to remain in office
- first recorded psychological test

Question 15

Alfred Binet

Answer 15

Binet-Simon Scale

- first test of mental ability

Question 16

Lewis Terman

Answer 16

Stanford Binet Intelligence scales
- Added an intelligence quotient (IQ) index
Developed for the use with american ages 3 years to adulthood

Question 17

David Wechsler

Answer 17

The Wechsler-Bellevue intelligence scale and the Wechsler Adult intelligence scale
- Provided an index of general mental ability and revealed patterns of a person’s intellectual strengths and weaknesses

Question 18

Robert Woodsworth

Answer 18

The personal data sheet

- Created a test to determine which soldiers would not be able to handle the stress associated with combat

Question 19

Hermann Rorschach

Answer 19

The Rorschach inkblot test

• Was used to identify personality disorders and assess mental functioning
• Individuals look at inkblots and report their perception

Question 20

Henry A. Murray and C.D. Morgan

Answer 20

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

• Individuals are shown ambiguous pictures and asked to tell an in depth story for each picture
• Responses are then analyzed

Question 21

Vocational tests

Answer 21

Helps predict how successful an applicant would be in specific occupations
- Was needed due to thousands of people losing their jobs due to the great depression (people were forced to look for new lines of work)

Question 22

Tests of maximal performance

Answer 22

Require for test taker to perform a task

Question 23

Behaviour observation test

Answer 23

Involve observing people’s behaviour and how people typically respond in a particular context

Question 24

Self report tests

Answer 24

Requires test takers to report or describe their feelings, beliefs, opinions or mental states.

Question 25

Standardized sample

Answer 25

people who are tested to obtain data to establish a frame of reference for interpreting individual test scores (norms)

Question 26

Norms

Answer 26

indicate the average performance of a group and the distribution of scores above and below this average

Question 27

Non standardized tests

Answer 27

Do not have standardized samples and are more common - Usually constructed by a teacher or trainer in a less formal manner Ex. Test in school

Question 28

Objective tests

Answer 28

Tests where test taker chooses a response out of predetermined correct answers

Question 29

Projective tests

Answer 29

Test takers view and are asked to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli such as images or incomplete sentences. Ex. TAT test

Question 30

Achievement tests

Answer 30

Measure a person's previous learning in a specific academic area - Test of knowledge

Question 31

Aptitude tests

Answer 31

Assess a test takers potential for learning or ability to perform in a new job or situation

Question 32

Intelligence tests

Answer 32

Asses a test taker's ability to cope with the environment but at a broader level than aptitude test.

Question 33

Interest interventions

Answer 33

Assess a person's interest in educational programs for job setting and provide information for making career decisions. - predict satisfaction in work areas

Question 34

Personality tests

Answer 34

measure human character or disposition

Question 35

Psychological assessment

Answer 35

Multiple methods for gathering information about an individual

Question 36

Survey

Answer 36

used to collect important information from individuals