Psychological Knowledge Flashcards
How does clinical psychology help society?
Provides treatments for mentally ill patients
Benefits mentally ill patients by improving their mental health and quality of life, which in turn benefits society by reducing costs associated with untreated mental illness.
What is the jigsaw technique used for?
To reduce prejudice through the use of superordinate goals
It involves cooperative learning where students work together to complete a task, promoting understanding and reducing biases.
What key question does social psychology seek to address regarding soldiers in the Abu Ghraib prison?
Why did the soldiers commit atrocities towards Iraqi prisoners?
What does agency theory explain?
Events such as the Holocaust and promotes accountability for actions
It suggests that individuals may follow orders without questioning them, leading to harmful actions.
What are the four theories of memory?
- Baddeley’s model
- Reconstructive memory model
- Cognitive interview technique
- Eyewitness testimony (EWT) theories
What does Baddeley’s study demonstrate about memory?
How memory works, particularly in relation to short-term and long-term memory
It helps in developing revision techniques for students.
What is the cognitive treatment approach that has been beneficial in understanding EWT?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
What is a key finding from Bartlett’s war of the ghosts study?
Participants used rationalization to fit the story to their cultural expectations
This demonstrates the reconstructive nature of memory.
What is the focus of Raine’s study on aggression?
Demonstrates the neurological factors that may contribute to aggressive behavior.
What is a potential negative use of psychological findings?
Misapplication in criminal justice leading to stigmatization or discrimination
Findings can sometimes be used to justify harmful stereotypes.
What do evolutionary explanations of aggression suggest?
Aggression may have developed as an adaptive response to environmental challenges.
What is the main focus of classical conditioning in psychology?
Learning through association between stimuli.
What does the study by Watson & Rayner demonstrate?
How emotional responses can be conditioned in humans
This is showcased in the Little Albert experiment.
What is an application of social identity theory?
Explaining hostility between groups, such as in educational settings.
What are the strengths of using social psychology to reduce prejudice?
Can provide practical strategies for improving intergroup relations.
What is the role of hormones in aggression?
They can influence aggressive behaviors and predispositions.
What does the cognitive interview technique aim to improve?
The reliability of eyewitness testimony.
Fill in the blank: STM encodes _______ and LTM encodes _______.
acoustic information; semantic information.
What is one criticism of the reconstructive memory model?
It may lack scientific credibility due to a lack of strict controls.
What is the significance of the study by Loftus & Palmer?
It provides evidence for the unreliability of EWT due to leading questions.
What are the applications of learning theories in mental health?
Understanding and treating phobias, addictions, and aggressive behavior.
What is the focus of the study by Capafons?
The use of systematic desensitization in treating phobias.
What does the term ‘reductionist’ refer to in psychological studies?
Oversimplifying complex behaviors by attributing them to a single cause.
What is one strength of using research in social psychology?
It can lead to practical applications that improve societal issues.
