Psychological Interventions Flashcards
What is cognitive-behaviour therapy?
Pragmatic combination of concepts and techniques from cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy
What are the three types of psychological therapies?
Type A - psychological treatment as an integral part of mental health care
Type B - eclectic psychological therapy and counselling
Type C - formal psychotherapies
What is behavioural therapy? (Basic concept)
Put things in
See what the response is
What are some techniques for behavioural therapy?
Graded exposures to feared situations
Activity scheduling
Reinforcement and reward
Role play/modelling
Techniques of cognitive therapy?
Education - detailed explanation and discussion of cognitive model
Monitoring - of thoughts, behaviours, feelings, context, develop awareness of their inter-relationship
Examining/challenging negative thoughts
Behavioural experiments
Cognitive rehearsal of coping with difficult situations
Schema work - look at core beliefs
What is cognitive-behavioural therapy useful for treating?
Depression Sexual dysfunction Eating disorders Anxiety states -phobias -OCD -health anxiety -body dysmorphic disorder
What is CBT not suitable for and why?
Anorexia because it stems from control
How is CBT useful in psychoses?
Distracts from symptoms and alters beliefs about abnormal perceptions
Effective in reducing preoccupation with delusions and intensity of beliefs
Which aspects of psychoses is CBT not useful for?
Negative symptoms such as withdrawal and passivity
Who is CBT useful for?
Patients keen to be active participants
Those who engage collaboratively (diaries and homework)
Those who can accept a model for emphasising thoughts and feelings
Able to articulate their problems
Practically seeking solutions
Limitations of CBT?
Findings of efficacy usually derived from homogenous populations with limited co-morbidities
Needs to be delivered by expert practitioners - challenge for routine practice
There are limited benefits where problems are complex and diffuse
What are psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies used for?
Conflicts arising from early experience that are re-enacted in adult life
How are psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies carried out?
Use the relationship with therapist to resolve the conflicts
Analytic - allow unconscious conflicts to be re-enacted and interpreted in relationship with therapist
Explore feelings and use experience of the therapist and relationship
What are the aims of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies?
Resolve unconscious conflicts that underlie the symptoms
Enhance insight of difficulties
Incorporate previous painful experiences
What and who are psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies useful for?
Interpersonal difficulties and personality problems
People who have a capacity to tolerate mental pain
People who have an interest in self-exploration
Aims of systemic and family therapies?
Focus on relational context, address patterns of interaction and meaning
Facilitate resources within the system as a whole (eg treat child as part of a system with parents)
Whah techniques does humanistic/client-centred therapy use?
Relies on general counselling skills
- warmth
- empathy
- unconditional positive regard
What is humanistic or client-centred therapy useful for?
Mild to moderate difficulties related to
- life events (illness/loss)
- sub-clinical depression
- mild anxiety/stress
- marital/relationship difficulties
- recent onset (<1 year)
Who is humanistic/client-centred therapy useful for?
Those who need to cope with an immediate crisis where there is already willingness and motivation to problem solve
What is the rationale of cognitive therapy?
We are not passive recipients of stimuli - interpret world via values, beliefs, expectations, attitudes
Use such cognitions to make sense of the world
Changes of mood state are directly related to the way we make sense of events.
Event/situation -> thought -> emotion
What is the negative cognitive triad?
Negative view of self
- > negative view of world
- > negative view of future
What can the negative cognitive triad lead to?
Hopelessness
Suicide
What do core beliefs of cognitive therapy include?
Live Ability Moral qualities Normality General worth
What are some common healing factors?
An emotionally charged, confiding relationship with a helpful person
A healing setting
Rationale that explains symptoms and suggests a way forward
Ritual/procedure that requires active participation of therapist and patient
Combat patient’s sense of alienation
Inspire patient’s expectations of help
Arouse emotions
Enhance sense of self-efficacy
Provide opportunities for practice
What is psychotherapy?
Systemic use of a relationship between patient and therapist, as opposed to physical and social methods
Use to produce change in feelings, congnition and behaviour
