Psychological Interventions

Question 0

What is cognitive-behaviour therapy?

Answer 0

Pragmatic combination of concepts and techniques from cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy

Question 1

What are the three types of psychological therapies?

Answer 1

Type A - psychological treatment as an integral part of mental health care
Type B - eclectic psychological therapy and counselling
Type C - formal psychotherapies

Question 2

What is behavioural therapy? (Basic concept)

Answer 2

Put things in

See what the response is

Question 3

What are some techniques for behavioural therapy?

Answer 3

Graded exposures to feared situations
Activity scheduling
Reinforcement and reward
Role play/modelling

Question 4

Techniques of cognitive therapy?

Answer 4

Education - detailed explanation and discussion of cognitive model
Monitoring - of thoughts, behaviours, feelings, context, develop awareness of their inter-relationship
Examining/challenging negative thoughts
Behavioural experiments
Cognitive rehearsal of coping with difficult situations
Schema work - look at core beliefs

Question 5

What is cognitive-behavioural therapy useful for treating?

Answer 5

Depression
Sexual dysfunction
Eating disorders
Anxiety states
-phobias
-OCD
-health anxiety
-body dysmorphic disorder

Question 6

What is CBT not suitable for and why?

Answer 6

Anorexia because it stems from control

Question 7

How is CBT useful in psychoses?

Answer 7

Distracts from symptoms and alters beliefs about abnormal perceptions
Effective in reducing preoccupation with delusions and intensity of beliefs

Question 8

Which aspects of psychoses is CBT not useful for?

Answer 8

Negative symptoms such as withdrawal and passivity

Question 9

Who is CBT useful for?

Answer 9

Patients keen to be active participants
Those who engage collaboratively (diaries and homework)
Those who can accept a model for emphasising thoughts and feelings
Able to articulate their problems
Practically seeking solutions

Question 10

Limitations of CBT?

Answer 10

Findings of efficacy usually derived from homogenous populations with limited co-morbidities
Needs to be delivered by expert practitioners - challenge for routine practice
There are limited benefits where problems are complex and diffuse

Question 11

What are psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies used for?

Answer 11

Conflicts arising from early experience that are re-enacted in adult life

Question 12

How are psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies carried out?

Answer 12

Use the relationship with therapist to resolve the conflicts
Analytic - allow unconscious conflicts to be re-enacted and interpreted in relationship with therapist
Explore feelings and use experience of the therapist and relationship

Question 13

What are the aims of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 13

Resolve unconscious conflicts that underlie the symptoms
Enhance insight of difficulties
Incorporate previous painful experiences

Question 14

What and who are psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapies useful for?

Answer 14

Interpersonal difficulties and personality problems
People who have a capacity to tolerate mental pain
People who have an interest in self-exploration

Question 15

Aims of systemic and family therapies?

Answer 15

Focus on relational context, address patterns of interaction and meaning
Facilitate resources within the system as a whole (eg treat child as part of a system with parents)

Question 16

Whah techniques does humanistic/client-centred therapy use?

Answer 16

Relies on general counselling skills

• warmth
• empathy
• unconditional positive regard

Question 17

What is humanistic or client-centred therapy useful for?

Answer 17

Mild to moderate difficulties related to

• life events (illness/loss)
• sub-clinical depression
• mild anxiety/stress
• marital/relationship difficulties
• recent onset (<1 year)

Question 18

Who is humanistic/client-centred therapy useful for?

Answer 18

Those who need to cope with an immediate crisis where there is already willingness and motivation to problem solve

Question 19

What is the rationale of cognitive therapy?

Answer 19

We are not passive recipients of stimuli - interpret world via values, beliefs, expectations, attitudes
Use such cognitions to make sense of the world
Changes of mood state are directly related to the way we make sense of events.

Event/situation -> thought -> emotion

Question 20

What is the negative cognitive triad?

Answer 20

Negative view of self

• > negative view of world
• > negative view of future

Question 21

What can the negative cognitive triad lead to?

Answer 21

Hopelessness

Suicide

Question 22

What do core beliefs of cognitive therapy include?

Answer 22

Live
Ability
Moral qualities
Normality
General worth

Question 23

What are some common healing factors?

Answer 23

An emotionally charged, confiding relationship with a helpful person
A healing setting
Rationale that explains symptoms and suggests a way forward
Ritual/procedure that requires active participation of therapist and patient
Combat patient’s sense of alienation
Inspire patient’s expectations of help
Arouse emotions
Enhance sense of self-efficacy
Provide opportunities for practice

Question 24

What is psychotherapy?

Answer 24

Systemic use of a relationship between patient and therapist, as opposed to physical and social methods
Use to produce change in feelings, congnition and behaviour