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HDHP > Coping > Flashcards

Coping Flashcards

0
Q

What physical impact can chronic illnesses have?

A

Pain
Limited mobility
Etc.

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1
Q

What effects can diagnosis of a chronic disease have on a patient?

A

Emotional responses including

  • shock
  • anxiety
  • depression
  • denial
  • anger
  • fear
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2
Q

What problems can treatment bring?

A

Anxiety
Discomfort
Body image
Etc

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3
Q

What problems can hospitalisation cause?

A

Loss of

  • autonomy
  • privacy
  • status
  • removal from usual support network
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4
Q

What adjustments may need to be made with a chronic illness?

A

Biographical disruption
Change in identity
Chronic nature of illness
Terminal illness - need to accept mortality

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5
Q

What is coping?

A

A way of managing stressors, finding ways to manage events/experiences that are appraised as threats of demands and which tax or exceed a patient’s available resources

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6
Q

What is problem-focused coping?

A

Addresses the problem itself. Includes behaviours that manage the problem or find out more about it.

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7
Q

Give examples of problem-focused coping

A

Reduce demands of stressful situation by finding information about how to deal with the problem, talk to someone, get advice, make a plan

Eg find it now to cope with feelings of claustrophobia in a mask for radiotherapy

Could expand resources for dealing with it eg putting aside other activities

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8
Q

What is emotion-focused coping?

A

Deals with the emotional feelings caused by the challenge

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9
Q

Give examples of emotion-focused coping

A 
Talking to people about feelings
Praying
See positives
Drinking/drugs/eating 
Humour
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10
Q

What are the general approaches of helping a patient to cope?

A

Increase/mobilise their social support
Increase personal control
Prepare patients for stressful events
Stress management techniques

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11
Q

How can you increase/mobilise their social support?

A

Help patients recognise and mobilise support

Suggest formal sources of support eg social services, community resources, religious/charitable organisations

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12
Q

How can you increase a patient’s personal control?

A

Pain management
See management programmes eg DAFNE
Give patient choices
Take cognitive control - resources to aid emotional management eg MS society

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13
Q

How can patients be prepared for stressful events?

A

Reduce ambiguity and uncertainty
Give effective communication
Peer contact - pair a pre-op with a post-op, can reduce anxiety and give an earlier discharge
Be responsive to individual preferences eg not all the details
Consider special cases eg children

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14
Q

What good does effective communication do in giving the patient control and helping them to cope?

A

Can reduce anxiety, self reported pain, length of stay after surgery, adjustment, recovery

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15
Q

What are the outcomes of successful coping?

A

Tolerating/adjusting to negative events/realities
Reducing threats and enhancing prospects of recovery
Preparing for the future
Marinating a positive self-image/mastery
Maintaining emotional equilibrium
Continue satisfying relationships with others

16
Q

What health problems are patients with chronic illnesses at risk of?

A

Anxiety

Depression

17
Q

When during chronic illness is anxiety likely to occur at?

A

Diagnosis, awaiting test results, discharge from hospital, illness progression, lifestyle changes

18
Q

What is anxiety?

A

A response to threat. Unpleasant emotional state that may include feelings of panic or dread.

19
Q

What can sustained anxiety lead to?

A

Unhelpful thinking patterns

  • increased vigilance for threats (eg symptoms)
  • interpret ambiguous information as threatening
  • increased recall of threatening memories
20
Q

What anxiety disorders are there?

A

Phobia
Panic attacks
PTSD

21
Q

What is depression?

A

Response to loss, failure or helplessness
Emotional state characterised by persistent low mood, sadness, loss of interest, despair, feelings of worthlessness.
Tends to be long term

22
Q

What can trigger depression?

A 
Loss of health/physical capacity
Loss of identity/social status
Reaction to symptoms, negative experiences of illness
Physiological changes eg MS
Medication side effects
23
Q

What increases the risk of depression?

A

Severity of illness
Pain and disability
Other negative life events
Lack of social support

24
Q

What can comorbid depression do?

A

Exacerbate the pain and distress associated with physical health problems
Adversely affect illness outcomes

25
Q

What illness and treatment factors can be barriers to identifying psychological difficulties in patients?

A

Illness and treatment factors

  • psychological responses change over time and may set in after patient has gone home
  • symptoms may be attributed to illness/treatment
26
Q

What patient factors can be barriers to identifying psychological difficulties?

A

Patient factors

  • may believe psych problems are an inevitable result of illness and cannot be alleviated
  • may wish to avoid sounding like they are complaining - additional burden
  • avoid being judged as inadequate or failing to cope
  • stigma
27
Q

What healthcare profession factors can be barriers to identifying psychological problems in patients?

A

Outside of psych settings, healthcare professional may a lid asking psych problems because they feel they are our of their role or fear of overwhelming/distressing the patient
If patient gives information about a psychological problem, HP could steer back to physical issues
Reluctance to label patients as having psychological difficulties

28
Q

How can psychological problems be identified?

A

Listen/ask about it

Provide opportunity to raise problems

29
Q

NICE guidelines for treatment and management of mild-moderate depression?

A

Low intensity psychological interventions such as

  • individual guided self help
  • structured group
  • physical activity
  • group based CBT
  • peer group support for those with comorbid chronic illness
30
Q

Treatment of moderate to severe depression?

A

Combine treatment of mild with antidepressants
High-intensity psychological interventions
Individual CBT
Interpersonal therapy

31
Q

How can generalised anxiety disorder by managed?

A

Low intensity psychological interventions
Individual self help (based on CBT)
Psychoeducational group
Medication

32
Q

How to more severe anxiety disorder?

A

High-intensity psychosocial interventions
Individual CBT
Applied relaxation

HDHP (14 decks)

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