Psychological Influences on the Individual Keywords

Question 1

extroverts

Answer 1

loud and bright personalities

Question 2

social learning theory

Answer 2

suggests that behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation

Question 3

trait theory

Answer 3

suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour

Question 4

interactionist perspective

Answer 4

a theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation

Question 5

lewin’s formulae

Answer 5

B= f(P x E)

Behaviour is a function of personality and environment

Question 6

credulous approach

Answer 6

when the link between personality and behaviour is accepted

Question 7

sceptical approach

Answer 7

when the link between personality and behaviour is doubted

Question 8

attitude

Answer 8

a value aimed at an attitude object

Question 9

triadic model

Answer 9

the three parts of an attitude: cognitive, affective, behavioural

Question 10

cognitive component

Answer 10

a belief, such as the belief in the ability to win

Question 11

affective component

Answer 11

relates to feelings and interpretation such as enjoyment

Question 12

behavioural component

Answer 12

the actions of the performer

Question 13

cognitive dissonance

Answer 13

new information given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change

Question 14

persuasion

Answer 14

an effective communication to promote change

Question 15

arousal

Answer 15

a level of activation, a degree of readiness to perform

Question 16

drive theory

Answer 16

as arousal increases, so does performance

P= f(D x H)

Question 17

dominant response

Answer 17

the stand-out response that the performer thinks is correct

Question 18

inverted-U theory

Answer 18

theory linking arousal and performance by stating that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point at moderate levels of arousal

Question 19

catastrophe theory

Answer 19

theory suggesting that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there is a dramatic reduction in performance when arousal increases beyond the optimal

Question 20

somatic anxiety

Answer 20

physiological anxiety

Question 21

cognitive anxiety

Answer 21

psychological anxiety

Question 22

zone

Answer 22

area of controlled arousal and high level performance

Question 23

peak flow

Answer 23

the ultimate intrinsic experience felt by athletes from a positive mental attitude, with supreme confidence, focus and efficiency