Psychological Influences on Health Flashcards
State the behaviours that cause harm to health and what they cause
Overweight/Obese - CVD, T2DM, Ca
Smoking - CVD, COPD, Lung and other Ca
Lack of physical activity (less than 30 mins mod 5x a wk or less than 20 mins HI 3x a wk) - obesity, T2DM, CVD, Ca, back pain osteoporosis
Excessive alcohol consumption (14/21 units a week or 6/8 on a binge) - obesity, liver disease, ca, T2DM, pancreatitis,, psychiatric disorders
What factors are effective in behaviour change?
Targetting women and older people
Shorter interventions
Clearly map out what you intend to do in the process
State the process of behavioural change
Information and Motivation
Need to acquire Behavioral Skills
Then behaviour change can occur
State how information needs to be facilitated in order to evoke behaviour change
Relevant to current goals
Easily understood and remembered
Available at time of decision or action
e.g. clear food labelling with the number of calories that need to be burned off translated into the amount of exercise you need to do.
Define motivation and ability
Motivation - value of change
Ability - faith in ability to change
Describe the factors which influence behaviour change
Advantages outweigh disadvantages
A positive response from others is anticipated
Social pressure to change
Change is consistent with self image
Able to carry out behaviour in a wide variety of situations
Define self efficacy
Belief in ability to change. Determined by goal setting effort investment persistence in the face of adversity recovery from set backs
Give an example of how behavioural skills are needed in combination with information and motivation to facilitate behaviour change
Negotiation of condom use
State other factors that affect behavioural change
Small steps Environment Triggers can be very persistent Create new nehaviours Concrete SMART (short, measurable, achievable, relevant and timely) to lead to long term gain
Describe coping strategies
Emotion focussed: modifying response to problem
Problem focussed: action to change and address stressor
Define stress and describe the signs of stress
Real or perceived demands of a situation outweigh the physical, psychological or social resources available to deal with it
Cognitive - anxious thoughts
Emotional - low mood
Physical - chest pain
Behvaioural - avoiding the stressful situation
Define resilience
Capacity to cope with stress, change and adversity
Describe how illness behaviour is acquired
Reinforcement or monitoring by parents
Describe the self-regulatory model of stress, emotions and health
Interptretation
Coping
Appraisal
Define pain
“Unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with damage or described in terms of such damage”
