Psychological Health Flashcards
What are the (4) dimensions of psychosocial health?
- Spiritual health (being)
- Social health
- Mental/Intellectual health (Thinking)
- Emotional health (Feeling)
What are the characteristics of someone who has good psychosocial health? (4)
1) Cognitive functioning:
- expressing emotions
- coping with stress
- dealing with adversity and/or success
- adapting to changes
2) Spirituality:
- interconnectedness
- mindfullness
- connection to community
- everyday life
3) Culture
4) Emotional intelligence
- self-awareness
- altruism
- personal motivation
- empathy
- the ability to handle relationships and recognize emotions in others
What are Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? (in order from bottom to top)
1) Physiological Needs
- food, water, shelter, sleep
2) Safety and Security
- safe surroundings
3) Love and Belongingness
- loved, loving, connected
4) Self-esteem
- respect, recognition, status, strength
5) Self-Actualization
- realism, self-acceptance, autonomy, authenticity, capable of intimacy, creativity
What are Erik Erikson’s (8) stages of development?
1) Trust vs Mistrust
- birth - 1 year
2) Autonomy vs Shame and Self-doubt
- 1 - 3 years
3) Initiative vs Guilt
- 3 - 6 years
4) Industry vs Inferiority
- 6 - 12 years of age
5) Identity vs Identity Confusion
- adolescence
6) Intimacy vs Isolation
- Young Adulthood
7) Generativity vs Self-absorption
- Middle Adulthood
8) Integrity vs Despair
- older adulthood
Spiritual wellness is associated to greater coping skills, as well as linked to __________? (4)
- longer life expectancy
- reduced risk of disease
- faster recovery
- improved emotional health
What are the different defence and coping mechanisms? (8) Explain each.
1) Projection
- reacting to unacceptable inner impulses and taking out the frustration on someone or something
2) Repression
- expelling from awareness an unpleasant feeling, idea, or memory
3) Denial
- refusing to acknowledge to yourself what you really know to be true
4) Passive-aggressive behaviour
- expressing hostility toward someone by being covertly uncooperative or passive
5) Displacement
- shifting your feelings about a person to another person
6) Rationalization
- giving a false, acceptable reason when the real reason is unacceptable
7) Substitution
- deliberately replacing a frustrating goal with one that is more attainable
8) Humour
- find something funny in unpleasant situations
Defense/Coping Mechanism:
“A student who dislikes his roommate feels that the roommate dislikes him”
Projection
Defense/Coping Mechanism:
“The child of an alcoholic, neglectful father remembers him as a giving, loving person.”
Repression
Defense/Coping Mechanism:
“A person believes that smoking cigarettes won’t harm her because she’s young and healthy”
Denial
Defense/Coping Mechanism:
“A person tells a co-worker, with whom she competes for project assignments, that she’ll help him with a report but never follows through.”
Passive-Aggressiveness
Defense/Coping Mechanism:
“a student who is angry with his professor returns home and yells at one of his housemates”
Displacement
Defense/Coping Mechanism:
“A shy young man decides not attend a party, telling himself he’d be bored”
Rationalization
Defense/Coping Mechanism:
“A student having a difficult time passing courses in chemistry decides to change his major from biology to economics.”
Substitution
Defense/Coping Mechanism:
“A student whose bicycle has been stolen thinks how surprised the thief will be when he/she discovers the breaks don’t work.”
Humour
What are the various Anxiety Disorders? (6) Explain each.
1) Phobias
- out-of-the-ordinary, irrational, intense, or persistent fears of certain objects or situations.
2) Panic Disorders
- sudden unexpected surges in anxiety
3) Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- excessive, uncontrollable, worry about all kinds of things and anxiety in many situations
4) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, difficult -to-resist actions (compulsions)
5) Behavioural Addictions
- urges to engage in behaviour creates anxiety; engaging in the behaviour relieves the anxiety. (gambling, substance abuse, shopping, etc)
6) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- recurring reminders of a traumatic event that results in psychological distress. (flashbacks, dreams, hallucinations)
What is Agoraphobia?
A type of panic disorder that is characterized by the fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn’t be available if things go wrong.
What are the options for the treatment of Anxiety disorders?
4
1) Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
2) Interpersonal therapy
3) Cognitive behavioural therapy
4) Psychiatric drug therapy
What are (5) symptoms of Depression?
1) a feeling of sadness or hopelessness
2) loss of pleasure in doing usual activities
3) poor appetite/weight loss
4) insomnia/disturbed sleep
5) thoughts of death/suicide
What is Mania and Bipolar Disorder?
- mood disorders characterized by mood swings that take individuals from manic states of feeling euphoric and energetic to depressive states of utter despair.
What Is Schizophrenia?
- debilitating mind disorder that impairs individuals sense of reality
- symptoms include: hallucinations, flat affect, and delusional dialogue
What are the (4) different psychological models (perspectives)?
1) Behavioural Model
2) Biological Model
3) Cognitive Model
4) Psychodynamic Model
What is the Biological Model’s view of human nature, and what are the options for treatment of psychological disorders?
- the mind’s activity depends entirely on the brain and it’s genetic composition
- pharmacological therapy
(antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood-stabilizers)
What is the Behavioural Model’s view of human nature and what are the options for treatment of psychological disorders?
- stimulus, response, and reinforcement determine behaviour
- identify and alter reinforcers of behaviour
What is the Cognitive Model’s view of human nature and what are the options for treatment of psychological disorders?
- attitudes, expectations, and motives determine behaviour
- therapy tries to expose and identify false ideas that produce anxiety or depression.
What is the Psychodynamic Model’s view of human nature and what are the options for treatment of psychological disorders?
- unconscious ideas and impulses feed thoughts and behaviours
- patients speak freely to understand the basis of their feelings and try to gain insights.
