Psychological foundation Of Curriculum

Question 1

Psychological Foundation

Answer 1

It provides the basis to understand
the teaching and learning process. It unifies
the elements of the learning process.
• 1. Association and Behaviorism
• 2. Cognitive Information Processing Theory

Question 2

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Answer 2

• He is the father of the Classical
Conditioning Theory, the S-R Theory.
• The key to learning is early years of
life is to train them what you want
them to become.
• S-R Theory is a foundation of
learning practice called
indoctrination.

Question 3

Edward Thorndike (1847-1949)

Answer 3

• He championed the Connectionism
Theory.
• He proposed the three laws of
learning:
-Law of Readiness
-Law of Exercise
-Law of Effect
• Specific stimulus has a specific
response

Question 4

Robert Gagne

Answer 4

• He proposed the Hierarchical
Learning Theory. Learning follows a hierarchy.
• Behavior is based on prerequisite.
• He introduced tasking in the formulation of objectives.

Question 5

Jean Piaget

Answer 5

• Theories of Jean Piaget:
Cognitive development has three stages from birth to maturity.
-0-2 - sensorimotor stage
-2-7 – preoperational stage
-7-11 – concrete operations stage
- 11- onwards – formal operations
• Keys to Learning:
* Assimilation (incorporation of the new experience)
* Accommodation (learning modification and adaptation)
* Equilibrium (balance between previous and later learning)

Question 6

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 6

• Theories of Lev Vygotsky
Cultural transmission and development:
• Children could, as a result of their interaction with society,
actually perform certain cognitive actions prior to arriving at
developmental stage.
• Learning precedes development
• Sociocultural development theory
• Keys to Learning:
* Pedagogy creates learning process that leads to development.
* The child is an active agent in his or her educational process.

Question 7

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence

Answer 7

• Humans have several different ways of processing and these ways are relatively independent of one another.
• There are eight intelligences:
1. Linguistics
2. Logico- mathematical
3. Musical
4. Spatial
5. Bodily/kinesthetic
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalistic

Question 8

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence

Answer 8

• Humans have several different ways of processing and these ways are relatively independent of one another.
• There are eight intelligences:
1. Linguistics
2. Logico- mathematical
3. Musical
4. Spatial
5. Bodily/kinesthetic
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalistic

Question 9

Daniel Goleman

Answer 9

• Emotions contains the power to affect action.
• He called it emotional quotient.