Psychological Explanations P

Question 1

Little hans

Answer 1

Horse phobia

Question 2

Bowlby

Answer 2

Agreed with Freud

Phobias are explained by separation anxiety

Question 3

Agoraphobia

Answer 3

Caused by early experience to family conflict
Conflict meant that they felt anxious when separated from caregiver
This fear was displaced into a phobia

Question 4

Whiting

Answer 4

Phobias are more common in areas where child rearing is structured
Strict parents
Children tend to repress their desires
Expressed and displaced on to a phobia

Question 5

Behavioural therapy

Answer 5

Not 100% successful

Because it is not treating the cause

Question 6

Behavioural reasons classical

Answer 6

Individual associate neutral stimuli with the fear response
Bitten = fear/pain
Now associate dogs with the fear and pain

Question 7

Ao2 classical

Answer 7

Little hans - accident

Little Albert - white objects

Question 8

Behavioural operant

Answer 8

Avoiding the phobia reinforces it
Rewarding because it relieves the anxiety
Positively reinforced

Question 9

Munjack

Answer 9

Half the people with a driving phobia hadn’t experienced an accident
Half the people with no phobia had
No support

Question 10

Operant ao2

Answer 10

People can remember specific events that caused the phobia

Some can’t or have repressed it

Question 11

Slt

Answer 11

Salient person responds to a stimuli
Child trusts parent and thinks the thing is dangerous and some thing to fear
Will model their behaviour on this

Question 12

Bandura

Answer 12

A person was seen to experience pain every time a buzzer went off
Later on pps who watched showed an emotional response to the buzzer even when not watching the person

Question 13

Sue et al

Answer 13

Different phobias are acquired through different ways
Agoraphobia - specific event
Spider phobia - modelling
Behaviour alone can’t be an explanation because it it too simple
We acquire phobias through complex processes
An interaction of all of them

Question 14

Diathesis stress model

Answer 14

Alternative approach
Holistic
Bio and psych
We all have a personal threshold for anxiety that forms a predisposition for our vulnerability to stress
Can be built via genes or environment
An interaction between the vulnerability and the stress we suffer effects the likelihood of developing a phobia

Question 15

Freud

Answer 15

1st psychologist to offer and explanation
Little hans
Ego deals with conflicts by protecting its self and repressing the emotions into the unconscious mind
Repressed thoughts are expressed and displaced onto objects
Develop a phobia