psychological effects of severe and sudden illness

Question 1

how can biopsychosocial factors affect disease

Answer 1

indirectly via health behaviours

Question 2

how can psychosocial factors effect disease

Answer 2

directly via stress responses

Question 3

how to assess/manage psychosocial factors (4)

Answer 3

identify psychosocial factors that have contributed to disease; identify which of the factors is important in treatment/management; use models to assist with addressing any factors that may need to change; recognise complex interactions exist

Question 4

how to support behaviour change in practice (7)

Answer 4

ascertain beliefs (ICE); assess readiness to change; identify and reduce perceived barriers; educate to address misconceptions and provide skills; enhance self efficacy; involve supportive others; set realistic, specific goals

Question 5

what is subjective disability

Answer 5

ill health with the absence of objective disease

Question 6

what is subjective well-being

Answer 6

feeling good but having a severe objective disease

Question 7

what do the impacts of illness depend on? (3)

Answer 7

nature of condition; individual; social factors

Question 8

psychosocial impacts of illness categories (7)

Answer 8

disease/disorder; impairment (e.g. swollen joins); limitations; restrictions; dependency; well-being; life evaluation

Question 9

psychosocial impacts of acute illness

Answer 9

initial fear; uncertainty; unfamiliarity; entering the sick role - gain freedom from normal obligations, receive sympathy etc.

Question 10

psychosocial impacts of chronic illness

Answer 10

continuing obligations of normal life; new obligations of managing illness

Question 11

what are PROMS

Answer 11

patient-reported outcome measures; monitor natural history of disease, audit quality of care etc.

Question 12

PROMS key domains of impact (6)

Answer 12

perceived health; physical functioning; occupational functioning; social functioning; emotional functioning; cognitive functioning

Question 13

how can anxiety occur in illness

Answer 13

due to outcomes/results of illness/treatments; due to unknown procedures being done to them; results in irrational beliefs and heightened awareness of symptoms, alters perception

Question 14

how can depression occur in stroke

Answer 14

biochemical changes in the brain when the brain is injured; a normal psychological response to the losses caused by strokes

Question 15

screening questions for depressions (primary care)

Answer 15

during the last month have you been bothered by feeling down, depressed or hopeless; during the last month have you had little interest/pleasure in doing things

Question 16

what diagnostic instrument can be used for classifying depression

Answer 16

structured clinical interview for DSM-V clinician version (SCID5 CV)