Psychological disorders (Chapter 15)

Question 1

Criteria for abnormal behaviour

Answer 1

Deviance: behaviour deviates from what their society considers acceptable
Maladaptive behaviour: everyday adaptive behaviour is impaired
Personal distress
- Do not need all 3 to consider a psychological disorder

Question 2

Epidemiology

Answer 2

The study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in the population

Question 3

Prevalence

Answer 3

The percent of a population that exhibits a disorder

Question 4

Lifetime prevalence

Answer 4

The percent of people who have been diagnosed with a specific disorder at sometime in their lives

Question 5

Etiology

Answer 5

The cause or origin of a disease

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

a forecast of the likely course of a disease

Question 7

Insanity

Answer 7

Not criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder

Legal concept not a medical term

Question 8

Automatism

Answer 8

The idea that you should not be held responsible if you have no control over your own behaviour

Question 9

Relativistic view

Answer 9

Argue that the criteria of mental illness vary greatly across cultures and that there are no universal standards of normality and abnormality

Question 10

Pancultural/ universalistic

Answer 10

Argue that the criteria of mental illnesses are much the same around the basic standards of normality and abnormality are universal across cultures

Question 11

Culture-bound disorders

Answer 11

Abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups

- E.g., koro , windigo (eating human flesh), anorexia nervous

Question 12

Major depressive disorder

Answer 12

Marked by the persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Question 13

Major depressive disorder

• Average # of episodes
• Length
• Prevalence
• Onset

Answer 13

• Average of 5 episodes
• About 5-7 months
• 2X higher in woman then men
• Can occur at any age

Question 14

Bipolar 1

Answer 14

Marked by the experience of one (ore more) manic episodes as well as periods of depression

Question 15

Bipolar 2

Answer 15

Suffer from major depression along with hypomania which their change in mood and behaviour is less sever than those seen in full mania

Question 16

Bipolar disorder

• Onset
• Prevalence

Answer 16

• Adolescence/ early adulthood

- Equal prevalence in males and females

Question 17

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 17

Exhibit chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance
- Manic episodes typically last about 4 months

Question 18

Seasonal depression

Answer 18

A type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern

Question 19

Postpartum depression

Answer 19

Can occur after childbirth

Question 20

Schizophrenia

Answer 20

Marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech

Question 21

Delusions of grandeur (schizophrenia)

Answer 21

People maintain they are famous or important

Question 22

Paranoid (schizophrenia)

Answer 22

Dominated by delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur

Question 23

Catatonic (schizophrenia)

Answer 23

Striking motor disturbances

Question 24

Disorganized (schizophrenia)

Answer 24

Frequent incoherence, obvious deterioration on adaptive behaviour and virtually complete social withdrawal

Question 25

Undifferentiated (schizophrenia)

Answer 25

Involves idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenia symptoms

Question 26

Positive symptoms (schizophrenia)

Answer 26

Behavioural excesses; see to much

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, bizarre behaviour

Question 27

Negative symptoms (schizophrenia)

Answer 27

Behavioural deficits; don’t see enough

Diminished emotional expression or flat affect, inattention, reduced speech, lack of motivation

Question 28

Anxiety disorders

Answer 28

Marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety

Question 29

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 29

Marked by chronic levels of anxiety that is not tied to any particular stress
Often accompanied by psychological symptoms

Question 30

Generalized anxiety disorder

• Onset
• Prevalence

Answer 30

• Gradual onset
• More frequently in females then males
• Physical symptoms; trembling, muscle tension, dizziness, sweating

Question 31

Phobic disorders

Answer 31

Persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger
- Prevalence varies by phobia

Question 32

Panic disorders

Answer 32

Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly
Often become apprehensive and hyper vigilant
- Prevalence: 2% more common in woman and more common in young adults

Question 33

Agoraphobia

Answer 33

Fear of going out in public

Question 34

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 34

Persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thought (obsessions) and urges to engage in rituals (compulsions)

Question 35

Post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 35

Develops in some people who have just or witnessed a traumatic event
May not appear for months or even years after the event

Question 36

Preparedness (anxiety disorders)

Answer 36

Suggests people are biologically prepared by their evolutionary history to acquire some fears more easily then others (seligman)

Question 37

Evolved module (anxiety disorders)

Answer 37

Automatically activated by stimuli related to survival threats in evolutionary threats in evolutionary history and relatively resistant to intentional efforts to suppress the resulting fear

Question 38

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 38

Characterized by social and emotional deficits, along with repetitive and stereotypic behaviours, interests and activities
Verbal communication can be greatly impaired
No interest in children playing, eye contact, poor coordination

Question 39

Personality disorders

Answer 39

Marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning

Question 40

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 40

Marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive and irresponsible behaviour
Early experience affection for others, tolerate little frustration and pursue immediate gratification

Question 41

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 41

Marked by instability in social relationships, self-image and emotional functioning
Tend to have turbulent interpersonal relationships marked by fear of abandonment
Prone to impulsive behaviour, tend to be moody

Question 42

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 42

Marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement and an excessive need for attention and admiration
Tend to think they are unique and superior to others

Question 43

Dissociative disorders

Answer 43

People lose contact with portions of their conscious or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

Question 44

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 44

Sudden lose of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be die to normal forgetting
Can occur for a single traumatic event or for an extended period of time surrounding an event

Question 45

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 45

Involved a disruption of identity marked by the experience of 2 or more largely complete and usually very difficult personalities