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Psyc 102 > Psychological disorders (Chapter 15) > Flashcards

Psychological disorders (Chapter 15) Flashcards

1
Q

Criteria for abnormal behaviour

A

Deviance: behaviour deviates from what their society considers acceptable
Maladaptive behaviour: everyday adaptive behaviour is impaired
Personal distress
- Do not need all 3 to consider a psychological disorder

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2
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in the population

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3
Q

Prevalence

A

The percent of a population that exhibits a disorder

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4
Q

Lifetime prevalence

A

The percent of people who have been diagnosed with a specific disorder at sometime in their lives

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5
Q

Etiology

A

The cause or origin of a disease

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6
Q

Prognosis

A

a forecast of the likely course of a disease

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7
Q

Insanity

A

Not criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder

Legal concept not a medical term

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8
Q

Automatism

A

The idea that you should not be held responsible if you have no control over your own behaviour

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9
Q

Relativistic view

A

Argue that the criteria of mental illness vary greatly across cultures and that there are no universal standards of normality and abnormality

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10
Q

Pancultural/ universalistic

A

Argue that the criteria of mental illnesses are much the same around the basic standards of normality and abnormality are universal across cultures

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11
Q

Culture-bound disorders

A

Abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups

- E.g., koro , windigo (eating human flesh), anorexia nervous

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12
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Marked by the persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

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13
Q

Major depressive disorder

  • Average # of episodes
  • Length
  • Prevalence
  • Onset
A
  • Average of 5 episodes
  • About 5-7 months
  • 2X higher in woman then men
  • Can occur at any age
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14
Q

Bipolar 1

A

Marked by the experience of one (ore more) manic episodes as well as periods of depression

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15
Q

Bipolar 2

A

Suffer from major depression along with hypomania which their change in mood and behaviour is less sever than those seen in full mania

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16
Q

Bipolar disorder

  • Onset
  • Prevalence
A
  • Adolescence/ early adulthood

- Equal prevalence in males and females

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17
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

Exhibit chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance
- Manic episodes typically last about 4 months

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18
Q

Seasonal depression

A

A type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern

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19
Q

Postpartum depression

A

Can occur after childbirth

20
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech

21
Q

Delusions of grandeur (schizophrenia)

A

People maintain they are famous or important

22
Q

Paranoid (schizophrenia)

A

Dominated by delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur

23
Q

Catatonic (schizophrenia)

A

Striking motor disturbances

24
Q

Disorganized (schizophrenia)

A

Frequent incoherence, obvious deterioration on adaptive behaviour and virtually complete social withdrawal

25
Q

Undifferentiated (schizophrenia)

A

Involves idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenia symptoms

26
Q

Positive symptoms (schizophrenia)

A

Behavioural excesses; see to much

Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, bizarre behaviour

27
Q

Negative symptoms (schizophrenia)

A

Behavioural deficits; don’t see enough

Diminished emotional expression or flat affect, inattention, reduced speech, lack of motivation

28
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety

29
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Marked by chronic levels of anxiety that is not tied to any particular stress
Often accompanied by psychological symptoms

30
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

  • Onset
  • Prevalence
A
  • Gradual onset
  • More frequently in females then males
  • Physical symptoms; trembling, muscle tension, dizziness, sweating
31
Q

Phobic disorders

A

Persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger
- Prevalence varies by phobia

32
Q

Panic disorders

A

Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly
Often become apprehensive and hyper vigilant
- Prevalence: 2% more common in woman and more common in young adults

33
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of going out in public

34
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

Persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thought (obsessions) and urges to engage in rituals (compulsions)

35
Q

Post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

Develops in some people who have just or witnessed a traumatic event
May not appear for months or even years after the event

36
Q

Preparedness (anxiety disorders)

A

Suggests people are biologically prepared by their evolutionary history to acquire some fears more easily then others (seligman)

37
Q

Evolved module (anxiety disorders)

A

Automatically activated by stimuli related to survival threats in evolutionary threats in evolutionary history and relatively resistant to intentional efforts to suppress the resulting fear

38
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A

Characterized by social and emotional deficits, along with repetitive and stereotypic behaviours, interests and activities
Verbal communication can be greatly impaired
No interest in children playing, eye contact, poor coordination

39
Q

Personality disorders

A

Marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning

40
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive and irresponsible behaviour
Early experience affection for others, tolerate little frustration and pursue immediate gratification

41
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Marked by instability in social relationships, self-image and emotional functioning
Tend to have turbulent interpersonal relationships marked by fear of abandonment
Prone to impulsive behaviour, tend to be moody

42
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

Marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement and an excessive need for attention and admiration
Tend to think they are unique and superior to others

43
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

People lose contact with portions of their conscious or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

44
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Sudden lose of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be die to normal forgetting
Can occur for a single traumatic event or for an extended period of time surrounding an event

45
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Involved a disruption of identity marked by the experience of 2 or more largely complete and usually very difficult personalities

Psyc 102 (3 decks)

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