Psychological Disorders (Ch. 6)

Question 1

A psychological disorder is ____ based on specific symptoms and thresholds and ____/_____ with medication and/or therapy

Answer 1

diagnosable, treatable/manageable

Question 2

When cultural norms cannot explain behavior, the core components of diagnosis for a psychological disorder are ___________ and ___________

Answer 2

symptom quantity and severity, and impact on functioning

Question 3

Panic Disorder

Answer 3

When a person has suffered at least one panic attack and is worried about having more of them

Question 4

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 4

Feels tense or anxious much of the time about many issues but does not experience panic attacks

Question 5

Specific and Social Phobias

Answer 5

`The sufferer feels a strong fear that he or she recognizes an unreasonable(???) He or she nevertheless almost always experiences general anxiety or full panic attacks when confronted with the feared object or situation

• ->Have great distress in a wide range of situations
• ->They also avoid fears, which is a symptom

Question 6

Specific Phobia

Answer 6

A persistent, strong, and unreasonable fear of a certain object or situation

• ->there are 4 types depending on what type of trigger they involve:
  1. Situational
  2. Natural environment
  3. Blood/injection/injury
  4. Animal

Question 7

Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia)

Answer 7

An unreasonable, paralyzing fear of feeling embarrassed or humiliated while one is seen or watched by others, even while performing routine activities such as eating in public or using a public restroom
–>a prominent symptom=avoidance (in the form of social isolation)

Question 8

Obsessions

Answer 8

Thoughts

Question 9

Compulsions

Answer 9

Repeated physical or mental behaviors

Question 10

Etiology

Answer 10

the cause or set of causes or causal conditions for a particular disease

Question 11

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 11

A psychological disorder characterized by distress and decreased functioning due to persistent physical symptoms and concerns, which may mimic physical (somatic) disease but generally are not rooted in any detectable pathophysiology; the somatic symptoms do not improve with medical treatment

Question 12

4 subtypes of somatic symptoms disorder:

Answer 12

Somatic symptom disorder (somatic symptoms), illness anxiety disorder (illness and somatic symptoms), conversion disorder (change in sensory or motor function), and factitious disorder (factitious disorder imposed on oneself or another; person has fabricated an illness and basically gave themselves symptoms; when someone creates/inflicts symptoms on someone else and presents them as ill or injured)

Question 13

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 13

People experience cyclic mood episodes at one or both extremes, or “poles”: depression and mania

Question 14

Manic Episode

Answer 14

For at least one week, a person has experienced an abnormal euphoric, unrestrained, or irritable mood, and a marked increase in goal-directed activity or in psychomotor agitation, stemming from a felt need or urge to be engaged in goal-directed activity but not having the focus or other means to engage in any (extra energy causes agitation and irritability

Question 15

Bipolar I Disorder

Answer 15

Diagnosed only if there has been a spontaneous manic episode not triggered by treatment for depression or caused by another medical condition or medication
–>person has experienced at least one manic or mixed episode

Question 16

Mixed Episode

Answer 16

Person has met the symptoms for both major depressive and manic episodes nearly everyday for at least a week, and the symptoms are severe enough to cause psychotic features, hospitalization, or impaired work, social, or personal functioning

Question 17

Bipolar II Disorder

Answer 17

Manic phases are less extreme; person has experienced cyclic moods, including at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode, but has NOT met the criteria for a manic or mixed episode

Question 18

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 18

Similar to bipolar disorder but the moods are less extreme, with symptoms not meeting the criteria for either a manic or a major depressive episode

Question 19

Depressive Disorder

Answer 19

A persistent pattern of abnormal and often painful mood symptoms severe enough to cause significant personal distress and/or impairment to social, occupational, or personal functioning.

• affect=observable emotion in the moment
• mood=person’s sustained internal emotion that colors his or her view of life

Question 20

Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)

Answer 20

Less intense, but more chronic form of depression; no major depressive episode

Question 21

Delusion

Answer 21

False belief

Question 22

Delusional Disorder

Answer 22

One or more delusions has been present for at least a month, and counter evidence is generally denied or distorted to keep the delusion intact

Question 23

Brief psychotic disorder

Answer 23

When any positive symptoms are present for at least a day, but the symptoms last less than one month, and there are no negative symptoms

Question 24

Hallucination

Answer 24

False sensory perception that occurs while a person is conscious-most common=auditory and visual

Question 25

Schizophreniform Disorder

Answer 25

A middle position; the person experiences at least one positive symptom, but can also experience one or more negative symptoms, for at least a month but no longer than 6 months

Question 26

Schizophrenia

Answer 26

When someone has been experiencing positive and sometimes negative symptoms for longer than 6 months. Impact on functioning is great

Question 27

Schizoaffective Disorder

Answer 27

Combines mood and psychotic symptoms, both the symptoms of schizophrenia and a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode are experienced for at least one month; resembles a chronic psychotic disorder

Question 28

Dissociative Disorder

Answer 28

The disruptions in awareness, memory, and identity are extreme and/or frequent, and they cause distress or impair the person’s functioning

Question 29

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 29

Person alternates among 2 or more distinct personality states (identities) only one of which interacts with other people at a given time

Question 30

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 30

A person has had at least one episode of forgetting some important personal info, creating gaps in memory that are usually related to severe stress or trauma.
–>dissociative fugue

Question 31

Depersonalization Disorder

Answer 31

Person has a recurring or persistent feeling of being cut off of detached from his or her body or mental processes, as if observing themselves from the outside, like an out of body experience

Question 32

Derealization Disorder

Answer 32

A person experiences a feeling that people or objects in the external world are unreal.

Question 33

Personality Disorder

Answer 33

An enduring, rigid set of personality traits that deviates from cultural norms, impairs functioning, and causes distress either the person with the disorder or to those in their life

Question 34

Egosyntonic

Answer 34

In harmony with a person’s ego or self-image

Question 35

Cluster A

Answer 35

Includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders associated with irrational, withdrawn, cold, or suspicious behaviors

Question 36

Cluster B

Answer 36

Includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders with emotional, dramatic, and attention-seeking behaviors, and intense interpersonal conflict

Question 37

Cluster C

Answer 37

Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders with tense, anxious, and over-controlled behaviors