Psychological Disorders (Ch. 6) Flashcards
A psychological disorder is ____ based on specific symptoms and thresholds and ____/_____ with medication and/or therapy
diagnosable, treatable/manageable
When cultural norms cannot explain behavior, the core components of diagnosis for a psychological disorder are ___________ and ___________
symptom quantity and severity, and impact on functioning
Panic Disorder
When a person has suffered at least one panic attack and is worried about having more of them
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Feels tense or anxious much of the time about many issues but does not experience panic attacks
Specific and Social Phobias
`The sufferer feels a strong fear that he or she recognizes an unreasonable(???) He or she nevertheless almost always experiences general anxiety or full panic attacks when confronted with the feared object or situation
- ->Have great distress in a wide range of situations
- ->They also avoid fears, which is a symptom
Specific Phobia
A persistent, strong, and unreasonable fear of a certain object or situation
- ->there are 4 types depending on what type of trigger they involve:
1. Situational
2. Natural environment
3. Blood/injection/injury
4. Animal
Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia)
An unreasonable, paralyzing fear of feeling embarrassed or humiliated while one is seen or watched by others, even while performing routine activities such as eating in public or using a public restroom
–>a prominent symptom=avoidance (in the form of social isolation)
Obsessions
Thoughts
Compulsions
Repeated physical or mental behaviors
Etiology
the cause or set of causes or causal conditions for a particular disease
Somatic Symptom Disorder
A psychological disorder characterized by distress and decreased functioning due to persistent physical symptoms and concerns, which may mimic physical (somatic) disease but generally are not rooted in any detectable pathophysiology; the somatic symptoms do not improve with medical treatment
4 subtypes of somatic symptoms disorder:
Somatic symptom disorder (somatic symptoms), illness anxiety disorder (illness and somatic symptoms), conversion disorder (change in sensory or motor function), and factitious disorder (factitious disorder imposed on oneself or another; person has fabricated an illness and basically gave themselves symptoms; when someone creates/inflicts symptoms on someone else and presents them as ill or injured)
Bipolar Disorder
People experience cyclic mood episodes at one or both extremes, or “poles”: depression and mania
Manic Episode
For at least one week, a person has experienced an abnormal euphoric, unrestrained, or irritable mood, and a marked increase in goal-directed activity or in psychomotor agitation, stemming from a felt need or urge to be engaged in goal-directed activity but not having the focus or other means to engage in any (extra energy causes agitation and irritability
Bipolar I Disorder
Diagnosed only if there has been a spontaneous manic episode not triggered by treatment for depression or caused by another medical condition or medication
–>person has experienced at least one manic or mixed episode
Mixed Episode
Person has met the symptoms for both major depressive and manic episodes nearly everyday for at least a week, and the symptoms are severe enough to cause psychotic features, hospitalization, or impaired work, social, or personal functioning
Bipolar II Disorder
Manic phases are less extreme; person has experienced cyclic moods, including at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode, but has NOT met the criteria for a manic or mixed episode
Cyclothymic Disorder
Similar to bipolar disorder but the moods are less extreme, with symptoms not meeting the criteria for either a manic or a major depressive episode
Depressive Disorder
A persistent pattern of abnormal and often painful mood symptoms severe enough to cause significant personal distress and/or impairment to social, occupational, or personal functioning.
- affect=observable emotion in the moment
- mood=person’s sustained internal emotion that colors his or her view of life
Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
Less intense, but more chronic form of depression; no major depressive episode
Delusion
False belief
Delusional Disorder
One or more delusions has been present for at least a month, and counter evidence is generally denied or distorted to keep the delusion intact
Brief psychotic disorder
When any positive symptoms are present for at least a day, but the symptoms last less than one month, and there are no negative symptoms
Hallucination
False sensory perception that occurs while a person is conscious-most common=auditory and visual
Schizophreniform Disorder
A middle position; the person experiences at least one positive symptom, but can also experience one or more negative symptoms, for at least a month but no longer than 6 months
Schizophrenia
When someone has been experiencing positive and sometimes negative symptoms for longer than 6 months. Impact on functioning is great
Schizoaffective Disorder
Combines mood and psychotic symptoms, both the symptoms of schizophrenia and a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode are experienced for at least one month; resembles a chronic psychotic disorder
Dissociative Disorder
The disruptions in awareness, memory, and identity are extreme and/or frequent, and they cause distress or impair the person’s functioning
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Person alternates among 2 or more distinct personality states (identities) only one of which interacts with other people at a given time
Dissociative Amnesia
A person has had at least one episode of forgetting some important personal info, creating gaps in memory that are usually related to severe stress or trauma.
–>dissociative fugue
Depersonalization Disorder
Person has a recurring or persistent feeling of being cut off of detached from his or her body or mental processes, as if observing themselves from the outside, like an out of body experience
Derealization Disorder
A person experiences a feeling that people or objects in the external world are unreal.
Personality Disorder
An enduring, rigid set of personality traits that deviates from cultural norms, impairs functioning, and causes distress either the person with the disorder or to those in their life
Egosyntonic
In harmony with a person’s ego or self-image
Cluster A
Includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders associated with irrational, withdrawn, cold, or suspicious behaviors
Cluster B
Includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders with emotional, dramatic, and attention-seeking behaviors, and intense interpersonal conflict
Cluster C
Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders with tense, anxious, and over-controlled behaviors
