Psych Ch. 7: Self-Identity and Group Identity

Question 1

Self-concept/self-identity

Answer 1

The sum of an individual’s knowledge and understanding of his or herself. “Who am I?,” includes: physical, psychological, and social attributes, which can be influenced by the individual’s attitudes, habits, beliefs, and ideas. How an individual defines him or herself based on beliefs that person has about themselves, such as self-schemas

Question 2

Personal Identity

Answer 2

Consists of one’s own sense of personal attributes (smart, funny, etc.)

Question 3

Social Identity

Answer 3

Consists of social definitions of who you are (race, religion, gender, occupation, etc.)

Question 4

ADRESSING

Answer 4

A: Age
D: Disability status
R: Religion
E: Ethnicity/race
S: Sexual orientation
S: Socioeconomic status
I: Indigenous background
N: National origin
G: Gender

Question 5

Self-Reference Effect

Answer 5

Tendency to better remember info relevant to ourselves

–> Inconsistent info is more difficult to remember and is more likely attributes to external factors than internalized

Question 6

Carl Rogers (founder of what type of psychology?)

Answer 6

Humanistic Psychology Perspective

Question 7

According to Rogers, personality is composed of ___ and ___

Answer 7

The ideal self and the real self

Question 8

Ideal Self

Answer 8

Constructed out of your life experiences, societal expectations, and the things you admire about role models; the person you ought to be

Question 9

Real Self

Answer 9

The person you actually are

Question 10

Three Powerful Influences on an individual’s development of self-concept

Answer 10

1. Self-efficacy
2. Locus of Control
3. Self-Esteem

Question 11

Self-efficacy

Answer 11

Belief in one’s own competence and effectiveness; can vary from task to task

Question 12

Locus of Control

Answer 12

Can be internal or external; internal: believe they are able to influence outcomes through their own efforts and actions; external: perceive outcomes as controlled by outside forces

Question 13

Self-esteem

Answer 13

One’s overall self-evaluation of one’s self-worth

–>Self-efficacy can increase self-esteem of the trait is desired

Question 14

Looking-glass Self

Answer 14

Charles Cooley; people shape their self-concepts based on their understanding of how other perceive them

Question 15

Social Behaviorism

Answer 15

George Herbert Mead; the mind and self emerge through the process of communicating with others

Question 16

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 16

The idea that the mind and self emerge through the social process of communication or use of symbols

Question 17

Mead’s path

Answer 17

1. Preparatory stage: kids imitate others
2. Play stage: kids take on roles of others through playing
3. Game Stage: kids learn to consider multiple roles simultaneously and understand multiple roles
4. Generalized other: the common behavioral expectations of general society

Question 18

“Me” vs. “I”

Answer 18

Me: how the individual believes the generalized other perceives it (social self); self as object
I: the response to the me; the response of the individual to the attitude of others; self as subject