Psychological disorders

Question 1

Schizophrenia

Answer 1

Positive: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior
Negative: disturbance of affect, avolition

Question 2

Experimental design

Answer 2

Participants randomly assigned to groups

Question 3

Nonexperimental design

Answer 3

Observational/ case study. Doesn’t specifically compare groups

Question 4

Quasi-experimental design

Answer 4

Systematic comparison between groups that are not randomly assigned

Question 5

Internal validity

Answer 5

How well the study runs in terms of research design, operational definitions, how variables are measuresd

Question 6

External validity

Answer 6

Extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to a larger population. Randomization is an example

Question 7

Monoamine theory of depression

Answer 7

Mood disorders are associated with decreased activity of dopamine, serotonin, norepi. Applies to all depressive disorders and all ages and genders.

Question 8

Conversion disorder

Answer 8

Neurological symptoms without medical cause

Question 9

Somatization disorder

Answer 9

Long-term condition characterized by physical symptoms in more than one part of the body, without physical cause

Question 10

Schizophrenia is highly correlated with overly abundant ___ activity in the brain

Answer 10

Dopamine

Question 11

Older maternal age is a ___ (protective/destructive) factor

Answer 11

protective. Younger mothers can have difficulty managing stress

Question 12

Nucleus accumbens

Answer 12

Significantly involved in motivation and pleasure

Question 13

Affective component of behavior

Answer 13

emotions and feelings towards attitude object

Question 14

behavioral component of attitude

Answer 14

what a person “thinks” about the attitude object

Question 15

behavioral component of attitude

Answer 15

The way in which an attitude affects behavior

Question 16

Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

Answer 16

How attitudes form and change based on characteristics of message (target, message, source characteristics) and the individual’s level of involvement with the message. (high interest and motivation for it, then he will process it along the central route, which leads to deep processing and formation of strong, enduring attitude)

Question 17

Theory of reasoned action

Answer 17

individual’s intention, or cognitive readiness, to perform a behavior is a function of his or her attitude and perception of the subjective norms related to the behavior

Question 18

Ways humans reduce cognitive dissonance

Answer 18

1. Acquire new info, cognitions, attitudes
2. Reduce importance of conflicting cognition or attitude
3. Modify/deny conflicting cognition/ attitude
4. Change the conflicting cognition attitude behavior altogether

Question 19

t value is used to analyze

Answer 19

1. group’s performance versus chance or

2. two groups’ differences

Question 20

Chi square analyzes

Answer 20

group’s behavior compared to what would be predicted by chance