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Psychological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

psychological disorders

A

cause significant impatient in an indv’s life
they keep people from doing the things they need and want to do.

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2
Q

signs and symptoms of disorders

A

the 4 D’S
deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger

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3
Q

deviance

A

departure from what is normal and usual
refers to behaviours, thoughts, and feelings not in line with accepted standards

measured against statistical standards or cultural views

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4
Q

distress

A

thoughts, behaviour and feeling that are upsetting and cause pain, suffering, sorrow

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5
Q

dysfunctional

A

bahevaous thoughts and feelings that are disruptive to one’s regular routine and/or interfere with day to day functioning

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6
Q

danger

A

behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that may lead to harm of injury to self or others

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7
Q

consistency

A

the factors need to be consistent over a span of time, a one time deviant behaviour doesn’t merit a diagnose of a disorder

disorders are patterns of the above factors

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8
Q

diagnosis

A

formal identification of a psychological disorder.

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9
Q

clinical judgement

A

decisions based on professional experience when assessing psych disorders.

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10
Q

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

A

classification system is essential to making sense of conditions as the term “psych disorders” encompass a wide range of behaviours that are overlapping

DSM = classification system

helps clinicians reseached, health insurance agencies and others make consistent and objective observations about defining, diagnosing and treating abnormal behaviours

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11
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A

previous editions had defined discreet categories of the spectrum, looking at autism and Aspergers, but now all term are grouped under a spectrum.

characterized by significant social, emotional, behavioural, and communication impairments
ex.
hypersensitive to touch,
not interested interacting with others
trouble showing/talkign about feelings
difficulty understanding social cues
may speak well or not at all

repetitive movements, routines, hyper fixations, or hyper/hypo reactive to sensory input.

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12
Q

spectrum,

A

wide range of impariemtns possible within diagnosis

ranging from mild to sever symptoms

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13
Q

positive symptoms

A

are behaviours not present before the onset of the disorder
start to appear during course of the psychotic disorder, ie. not seen in healthy indv.

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14
Q

delusions

A

strong beliefs that are not founded in reality
these beliefs do not water even when confronted with compelling evidence to the contrary

ex. indv things they are being followed/harrassed by the gov.

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15
Q

hallucinations

A

sensory experiences that do not have a source

an indv may hear voices when no one is speaking

can be visual, olfactory, gusyaytoy or tactile (seen, smelled, tasted or felt)

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16
Q

disorganized thinking

A

seen in a person’s speech

switching from one topic to another in a nonsensical way
speaking in a jumbled, incoherent fashion

speaking in a way of thinking that’s fragmented, illogical, or hard to follow

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17
Q

abnormal motor behaviour

A

range from excessive and agitated movements to complete stillness and rigidity of the body

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18
Q

Schizophrenia

A

disorder that involves a wide range of emotional, behavioural, cognitive, and perceptual dysfunction
rare disorder
there is a genetic link, most don’t have family link

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19
Q

environment contributions

A

complications during preg. and birth
adverse childhood experiences
social isolations

more common in men
tend to appear in young adult, the younger the worse the prognosis tends to be.

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20
Q

schizophrenia is a heterogenous clinical syndrome

A

meaning there are many diff ways the disorder presents
there may be no overlap in primary symptoms they exhibit
but most if not all will have sig. difficulty functioning in daily activities

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21
Q

cognitive symptoms

A

subtle and often undetectable without testing

affect memory and though process

22
Q

executive functioning

A

describes mental skills we use to make decisions based on the info we are presented with

in schiz. = skulls are impaired, lead to confusion and poor decision making

23
Q

mania and bipolar II disorder

A

mania = key charactrist of bipolar and related disorders = state of abnormally elevated mood, energy, and activity levels

24
Q

hypomania

A

less intense experience of mania = same inc E and activity w/o same impairment in functioning

cannot feature psychotic symptoms

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bipolar II disorder
an indv experiences both hypomania and major depressive episodes used to thought as a milder form of bipolar disorder, but bc of the instability of mood and the amount of time spent in a depressed state, it is now a separate disorderi
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bipolarr as a seriously debilitating condition
a condition that seriously affects an individual's ability to carry on with their regular activities in their life.
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anxiety disorder
excessive fear and anxiety
28
fear vs anxiety
fear = a response to current threats = thoughts of immediate danger and psychical symptoms that facilitate escape behaviour = inc heart rate, breathing, sweating anxiety = worry about future threats = related to thoughts of future danger = cautious or avoidant behaviours muscle tensions
29
anxiety vs anxiety disorder
anxiety is a normal emotion and adaptive in a lot of wats anxiety disorder interferes with an iidv's ability to function prevent from sleeping bc anxious about being on time disabling/preventing people from doing what they need to.
30
manifestations of anxiety
hesitations to interactions with other due to fear of their judgement or excessive fear of specific places, situations or objects.
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Agoraphobia
anxiety disorder in which an indv fears or avoids a certain place or situations women are more likely to experience tend to avoid situations they are fearful of and actively avoid leaving their home
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diagnosis of agoraphobia
needs fear/avoidance of at least 2 of the following - using public transport being in open spacnes being in enclosed places standing in line being in a corws being outside or the home alone indv will feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed = amplify their anxiety lead to panic symptoms = SOB, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, shakiness,
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obsessive compulsive and related disorders
similar to anxiety disorder there is a strong anxious component to OC and related disorders characterized by preoccupations, rituals and repetitive behaviours
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obsessions
recurrent unwanted, intrusive thought,s fears, urges or mages
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compulsions
behaviours an indv feels driven to person in response to an obsession compulsive rituals tend to decrease or stop obsessive thoughts/urges = short term relief. when relief wears off, indv is driven to perform the ritual again, when obsession returns
36
personality
combination of characteristics, beliefs and behaviours that make us unique
37
personality traits
tend to be consistent and stable over time and situations people act and react in the same way over and over
38
personality disorder
enduing pattern of characteristics, belief, and behaviours that are drastically diff from the expectations the indv society and lead to distress and impairment
39
patterns of this disorder
seen in teens or early adulthood do not change over time chronic and persistent nature + resistant to treatment
40
an indv with this disorder ____
has difficulty in social relationships and with social expectations daily stressors = insurmountable frustration is intensified with others don't understand or appreicate the situation. they think their thoughts and beliefs are the norm so feel destress, anxiety, depression and acting when experiencing push back from others. most likely to get attention if causing harm to self or others or self harm.
41
CLuster A
odd and eccentric behaviours social awkwardness, social withdrawal, distorted thinking disorders int his cluster are diagnostically similar to schizophrenia spectrum disorder
42
Cluster B
dramatic, emotional, erratic behaviour probs w impulse control, moral reasoning, ability to reg emotions, relating to others, following social conventions may disregard rules, laws and feelings of others
43
Cluster C
anxious fearful behavious shy nervous insecure overly cautious behaviours les impairing than A or B
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PSY1102 (7 decks)

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