Psychological disorders Flashcards
How do you determine if a problem is psychopathological?
A pattern of emotions, behaviors, or thoughts inappropriate to the situation and leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve important goals.
What is the diathesis-stress hypothesis?
You have the biological potential, and environmental stress brings out psychopathological problems.
What system of classification of psychopathology is more widely used in the US?
DSM-5
What are the 3 basic indicators of autism spectrum disorder?
Impairment in social functioning, impairment in verbal communication, and stereotype/repetitive movements
What needs to be present in order to arrive at a diagnosis of ADHD?
Has to show symptoms of a hard time paying attention and having moments of hyperactivity all their life
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and abnormal motor behavior
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Affective flattening (no emotional response), alogia (cannot speak), apathy, anhedonia (cannot experience pleasure), attentional impairment, and avolition (cannot initiate action)
Describe the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder.
Manic phases are feelings of euphoria and hyperactivity; extremely elevated and excitable mood.
Depressive phases are feelings of deep sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, etc.
What is bipolar disorder sometimes described as a “bridge” between schizophrenia and depression?
People with bipolar disorder experience similar/almost identical emotions as people with depression during their depressive phase. During their manic episodes, they experience similar psychotic symptoms as people with schizophrenia.
What is major depression?
More than just sadness, it is a feeling of nothingness/
hopelessness.
Which of the psychopathologies is most common?
Anxiety
Describe the 3 subtypes of anxiety disorders.
General anxiety disorder: persistent and excessive worry
Panic disorder: anxiety + panic attacks
Phobias: excessive fears of specific things
How do phobias differ from normal, everyday fears?
Phobias are intense, excessive fears that can be life-consuming, while everyday fears aren’t limiting people and are more bearable.
What is the different between an obsession and a compulsion?
Obsessions are thoughts, while compulsions are behaviors. Typically the compulsions help calm the anxiety obsessions.
What is “hoarding disorder”?
Collecting things and having a very hard time getting rid of any of it.
