Personality Flashcards
What is id?
Primitive, unconscious portion of personality that houses most basic drivers and stores repressed memories
What is ego?
Conscious, rational part of personality, charged with keeping peace between id and superego.
What is the superego?
Minds storehouse of values, and moral attitudes learned from parents and society
What is unconscious?
The part of the psyche that’s not available to introspection but still influences conscious thought and behavior.
What is the collective unconscious?
The part of the mind that contains shared memories and ideas that are passed down through generations.
What are archetypes?
Universal models of personality and identity that are inherited and influence human behavior.
During which stage of development does the Oedipus conflict or complex occur?
Phallic stage
What is meant by the term “congruence”?
A state where a person’s actions, feelings, and thoughts are consistent with their ideal self.
What is meant by the term “self-actualization”?
The process of realizing one’s full potential as a person.
How do the existential psychologists differ from the humanistic psychologists?
Humanism assumes people are basically good, whereas existentialism assumes people are neither good nor bad.
What is Bandura’s reciprocal determinism?
Personal factors ←→ behavior ←→ environment ←→ personal factors
What are the assumptions of Rotter’s Social Learning Theory?
- Human interact with their meaningful environments
- Humans personality is learned
- Personality has a base unity
- Motivation is goal directed
- People are capable of anticipating event
Describe the elements of Rotter’s prediction formula.
Given a specific S, BP=f(E+RV)
S - psychological situation
BP - behavior potential
E - expectancy
RV - reinforcement value
What are The Big Five?
- Openness vs. Close-mindedness
- openness: open to more experience - Conscientiousness vs. Responsibility
- conscientiousness: punctual, rule follower, perfectionist - Extraversion vs. Introversion
- Extraversion: happier, leaders, stronger
- Introversion: followers, less happy - Agreeableness vs. Disagreeableness
- Agreeableness: politeness, compassion, avoiding conflict, and good social skills - Neuroticism vs. Stability
- Neuroticism scale: emotional stability, mood, highly vigilant
- High neuroticism: more emotionally unstable, more susceptible to mental illness
What is the dark tetrad?
- Narcissism: self-absorbed
- Psychopathy: lack of empathy
- Machiavellianism: manipulative
- Sadism: derive pleasure from people’s pain
What is the difference between an inhibited and an uninhibited individual?
Inhibited means they are highly reactive to environments, while uninhibited people have more “chill” reactions to environments.
What do twin studies tell us about personality?
They help show the relationship between biology and personality. It helps show how biology really affects personality.
Name some ways to measure personality.
- Structure method: self-report assessment
- Projective method
- Rorschach inkblot technique
- Thematic Apperception test (TAT): the patient is given a picture and has to make a detailed story about the photo
