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Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of ‘normal’ behaviour?

A

Typical and Adaptive behaviour

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2
Q

What are the two types of ‘abnormal’ behaviour?

A

Atypical and Maladaptive behaviour

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3
Q

What is Typical behaviour?

A

The way most people act most of the time

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4
Q

What is Adaptive behaviour?

A

Actions that enable a person to effectively carry out their usual tasks

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5
Q

What is Atypical behaviour?

A

Acting in a way that is unusual, and the way few people act

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6
Q

What is Maladaptive behaviour?

A

Interferes with a persons ability to carry out daily tasks effectively

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7
Q

Name all of the approaches to describing normality (6)

A

Sociocultural, Situational, Historical, Functional, Medical and Statistical

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8
Q

What is the Sociocultural approach?

A

Behavior which is accepted in a society

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9
Q

What is the Situational approach?

A

Proposes that things considered acceptable or unacceptable in a society can change depending on the situation and context

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10
Q

What is the Historical approach?

A

Proposes that things considered acceptable or unacceptable in a society can change over time

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11
Q

What is the Functional approach?

A

A person is considered normal if their thoughts, feelings, and or behaviors enable them to function effectively in everyday life

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12
Q

What is the Medical approach?

A

It proposes abnormal behaviour is an ‘illness’ and has an underlying biological cause

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13
Q

What is a psychological disorder?

A

The presence of unusual or abnormal mood, thinking and behaviors that cause an individual significant distress or impairment and disrupt their ability to function

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14
Q

What is the Biopsychosocial Model?

A

It suggests significant biological, psychological and social factors are involved in the development and maintenance of abnormality

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15
Q

What is Major depressive disorder (MDD)?

A

MDD is a psychological disorder that consists of sad mood, loss of pleasure in activities and feelings of worthlessness lasting at least 2 weeks

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16
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

It is characterised by loss of contact with reality (psychosis), hallucinations (usually hearing voices), problems in daily functioning, including work, social relationships and self care. These symptoms must be present for at least 6 months and be a significant negative change in the person’s functioning

17
Q

What are personality disorders?

A

They involve life-long patterns of maladaptive cognitions, thoughts and behaviors. They mainly struggle with identity and a sense of self, and relationships

18
Q

What are the cluster A psychological disorders

A

Paranoid: Mistrust and suspicion (accusatory)
Schizoid: Disinterest in others (aloof)
Schizotypal: Odd of eccentric ideas and behaviors (awkward)

19
Q

What is Antisocial personality disorder?

A

It is characterised by the presence of a chronic and pervasive disposition to disregard and violate the rights of others

20
Q

What is Borderline personality disoder (BPD)?

A

It is characterised by a long-standing pattern of instability in mood, interpersonal relationships, and self image that is severe enough to cause extreme distress of interfere with social and occupational functioning

21
Q

What are the cluster C psychological disorders?

A

Avoidant: Avoidance of interpersonal contact due to fear or rejection (cowardly)
Dependent: Submissiveness and dependency (due to a need to be taken care of) (clingy)
Obsessive-compulsive: Perfectionism, rigidity and obstinacy

22
Q

What are anxiety disorders?

A

They are classified when the fear response triggered is out of proportion to the reality of the danger

23
Q

What are the 5 specific phobias?

A
  1. Animal
  2. Natural environment
  3. Blood-injection-injury
  4. Situational (airplanes, elevators, enclosed places)
  5. Other (situations that may lead to vomiting or costumed characters)
24
Q

What is Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A

GAD is an anxiety disorder characterised by excessive anxiety and worry. It must be occurring more days than not for at least 6 months.
They must be experiencing 3 out of these 6 symptoms:
1. Restlessness , feeling keyed up or on edge
2. Easily fatigued
3. Difficulty concentrating
4. Irritability
5. Muscle tension
6. Sleep disturbance

25
Q

What are the 3 general causes of anxiety disorders?

A

Psychological:
- Classically conditioned fear response
- Negatively reinforced avoidance behaviors

Biological:
- Overreactive autonomic nervous system

Social:
- Trauma/stress
- parental modelling

26
Q

What are the 4 types of behaviour therapies?

A

Aversion therapy, exposure therapy, modelling and flooding

27
Q

What is Aversion therapy?

A

It works by teaching people to associate a stimulus that’s desirable but unhealthy with an extremely unpleasant stimulus

28
Q

What is Exposure therapy?

A

It works by exposing patients gradually to feared objects or situations to extinguish the person’s anxiety

29
Q

What is Modelling?

A

A therapist will perform(model) each behaviour before asking the client to perform them

30
Q

What is Flooding?

A

It involved intensively exposing a client to their feared object until the anxiety is extinguished

31
Q

What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

A

It aims at identifying and modifying the client’s maladaptive process and problematic behaviours through cognitive restructuring and behavioural techniques

32
Q

What is Pharmacotherapy?

A

It uses medication to restore the disrupted neurotransmitters that are thought to underlie disorders.
Combining psychotherapy and medication works best

33
Q

What is Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A

It induces a seizure in a patient that has been anethetised. It is effective in treatment-resistant mental illnesses and ‘resets’ the faulty neurological pathways

34
Q

What is Psychosurgery?

A

It is s field of surgery that consists of stereotactic operations on the brain aimed at altering abnormal physiology

35
Q

What is the Placebo affect?

A

It is defined as a phenomenon in which some people experience a benefit after the administration of an inactive substance or sham treatment

36
Q

What is Stigma?

A

Stigma is the negative social attitude attached to a characteristic attached to an individual regarded as mental, physical or social deficiency.

Concern about stigma is one of the most common reasons for people to not seek treatment

Psychology (15 decks)

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