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Intro to Experimental Psychology > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

psychopathology

A

illness or disorder of the mind

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2
Q

etiology

A

the factors that contribute to the development of a disorder

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3
Q

Moral treatment

A

First done by Pussin, it is a therapy that involved close contact with and careful observation of patients

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4
Q

criteria in determining whether behavior represents psychopathology

A
  1. does the person act in a way that deviates from cultural norms for acceptable behavior?
  2. is the behavior maladaptive (does it interfere with the person’s ability to respond appropriately in some situations)?
  3. Is the behavior self-destructive, does it cause them personal distress or threaten other people in the community
  4. does the behavior cause discomfort and concern to others and impair their social relationships
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5
Q

most common psychological disorders

A

depressive disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, substance-related/addictive disorder

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6
Q

what did Kraepelin separate?

A

disorders of moods (emotions) from disorders of cognition (schizophrenia)

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7
Q

What are some categories and examples of disorders in the DSM

A

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Autism spectrum disorder

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Schizophrenia

Bipolar and related disorders

Bipolar I disorder

Depressive disorders

Major depressive disorder

Anxiety disorders

Panic disorder

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Body dysmorphic disorder

Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Dissociative disorders

Dissociative amnesia

Somatic symptom and related disorders

Illness anxiety disorder

Feeding and eating disorders

Anorexia nervosa

Elimination disorders

Enuresis (bed-wetting)

Sleep-wake disorders

Narcolepsy

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8
Q

what is a problem with the DSM?

A

it takes a categorical approach, fails to capture differences in the severity of a disorder

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9
Q

dimensional approach

A

considers psychological disorders along a continuum on which people vary in degree rather than in kind

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10
Q

comorbidity

A

when psychological disorders occur together

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11
Q

assessment

A

examining a persons mental functions and psychological condition to diagnose a disorder (often includes self reports, testing, observations, and interviews)

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12
Q

neuropsychological method of assessment

A

client performs actions (copying a picture drawing a design, sorting cards) which require an ability, to indicate problems with a particular brain region

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13
Q

evidence based assessment

A

research guides the evaluation of psychopathology

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14
Q

diathesis stress model

A

an individual has an underlying vulnerability (diathesis) to a psychological disorder; this could be genetic or environmental; in addition to stressful circumstances, the scales can be tipped

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15
Q

conditions managed by a neurologist

A

stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, sleep disorders, migraines

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16
Q

conditions managed by a psychiatrist

A

depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia, anxiety, OCD, ADHD

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17
Q

Schizophrenia

A

onset usually in late teens or 20s, starts with a psychotic break; “splitting of the mind”
Positive symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech
Negative symptoms: flat affect, various forms of withdrawal, lack of motivation
1% of the population, 80% who have one episode will have more

18
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality
persecutory: others are trying to harm one
referential: objects, or other people have particular significance to one
grandiose: belief that one has great power, knowledge, or talent
identity: one is someone else
guilt: one has committed a terrible sin
control: one’s thoughts and behaviors are being controlled by external forces

19
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source (visual/ auditory)

20
Q

Cultural differences in the nature of hallucination

A

USA: hostile, unpleasant
India/Ghana: Friendly, playful

21
Q

Causes of Schizophrenia

A

genetic component (identical twins: 45%, two parents with Schizo: 45%)
stimulation of dopamine receptors in different regions, connection to paternal age, connection to maternal influenza in 2nd trimester
a healthy family is a protective factor against Schizophrenia

22
Q

Major Depression

A

disorder characterized by severe negative moods and/or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities

23
Q

DSM Criteria for major depressive episode

A

depressed mood most of the day, diminished interest in most activities, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to concentrate, thoughts of death or suicide

24
Q

prevalence of depression

A

2-2.5% more common in women than in men
Genetics: monozygotic twins (50%) dizygotic (10%)

25
Q

In depression, explanations of negative events tend to be:

A

internal, stable (this will always happen), and global (not context specific)

26
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania
high suicide risk (20%)

27
Q

treating bipolar disorder

A

lithium: psychotropic drug
Quetiapine: atypical antipsychotic drug, side effects are less severe

28
Q

suicide rates depend on the availability of the means to do it

A

For example, where guns are more prevalent, more people die by suicide

29
Q

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders

A

disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions

30
Q

common obsessions and compulsions in OCD

A

obsessions: germs, accidents, one’s own behavior
compulsions: washing/cleaning, checking, counting

31
Q

Prevalence of OCD

A

1-2 percent of the population, more women than men

32
Q

Two main treatment approaches to OCD

A

talk therapy (CBT/DBT) and medication

33
Q

Personality disorders

A

Cluster A: Paranoia, schizoid (odd or eccentric behavior)
Cluster B: Antisocial, BPD, Narcissistic (dramatic, emotional errativ)
Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, OCD (anxious or fearful)

34
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

Perfectionist tendencies
over-conscientious
indecisive
preoccupied with details
difficulty expressing affection

35
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

failure to conform to social norms, deceitfulness, impulsivity and failure to plan, irritability and aggressiveness, lack of remorse

36
Q

Psychopathy

A

I am more tough minded than other people
I could beat a lie detector
I have taken illegal drugs
I purposely flatter people to get them on my side
Ive done things for the thrill of it
You should take advantage of people before they do it to you
People sometimes say that I am cold-hearted
I like to have sex with people I barely know
I am an impulsive person
I can talk people into anything
People are too sensitive when i tell them the truth about themselves

37
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

fear of abandonment, intense emotions, impulsivity, weak sense of self

38
Q

treating BPD

A

Dialectical Behavior Therapy:
1. change extreme behaviors
2. explore past traumas
3. develop feelings of independence and self-respect

39
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

restricted or repetitive behavior patterns
abnormal socialization
abnormal communication

40
Q

prevalence of autism

A

2x more common in males than females
60-90% genetic component

41
Q

disorders reach all aspects of the mind

A

perception, emotion, thought, development, and social cognition/behavior

Intro to Experimental Psychology (12 decks)

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