Psychological disorders 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 D’s of abnormality?
Deviance, Distress, Danger, Dysfunction.
Does having one of the 4 D’s mean you have a psychological disorder?
No, having one different category does not mean you have a psychological disorder.
What is Deviance in abnormal psychology?
Thoughts, emotions, or behaviors that fall far outside societal norms — can be positive or negative.
What is Distress in abnormal psychology?
Intense negative feelings like anxiety, sadness, or despair. Not always present (e.g., manic episodes can feel euphoric).
What is Danger in abnormal psychology?
Risk of harm to oneself or others. Not always linked to psychological disorders (e.g., extreme sports athletes).
What is Dysfunction in abnormal psychology?
When behaviors interfere with daily life or adaptability.
What is an example of distress not being present in a disorder?
People with bipolar disorder who are manic often feel elated.
What is an example of danger not indicating a disorder?
An athlete participating in extreme sports.
What does DSM stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
What is the DSM used for?
Describing and categorizing mental disorders based on symptoms for diagnostic purposes.
What does the DSM not outline?
Causes, treatments, risk factors, or protective factors.
What classification model does the DSM rely too heavily on?
The categorical classification model.
What is a drawback of the categorical classification model?
People with subclinical symptoms may not get treatment even if they would benefit.
What is the dimensional classification model?
Describes disorders on a spectrum — better reflects the range of experiences in mental health.
What is the categorical classification model?
Items differ from one another and are part of a specific category (e.g., short or tall).
What is a limitation of the categorical model?
What is a limitation of the categorical model?
Which model better describes psychological disorders?
The dimensional classification model.
What is comorbidity?
The coexistence of two or more disorders at the same time (e.g., anxiety and depression).
What is symptomatology?
The collection of behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that may indicate a psychological disorder.
What is heterogeneity?
Two people with the same disorder may experience different symptoms.
What is epidemiology in psychology?
The study of how psychological disorders are distributed in a population, including prevalence and prognosis.
What is prognosis?
The probable course of an illness.
What is episodic prognosis?
Recurrent phases separated by periods of normal functioning.
What is chronic prognosis?
Long-lasting and developing over time.
