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Psych 202 > Psychological Disorder > Flashcards

Psychological Disorder Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological disorder

A

persistent disturbances or dysfunction in behavior. thoughts or emotions that cause significant distress or impairment

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2
Q

abnormal

A

deviates from the norm

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3
Q

maladaptive

A

behavior is disruptive

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4
Q

What did Baron say about Psychological disorder?

A

thought and behavior that is maladaptive and causes individual distress

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5
Q

APA Def

A

a pattern of behavior can be considered a psychological disorder if it satisfies three conditions

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6
Q

Condition 1

A

significant pain or distress, an inability to work or play, and increase risk of death, or a loss of freedom in important areas of life

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7
Q

Condition 2

A

problem resides with in person, due to biological factors, learned habits, mental processes not a normal response to specific life events

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8
Q

Condition 3

A

problem not a deliberate rxn to conditions like poverty, prejudice, policy, other societal conflicts

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9
Q

one year prevalence rates for adults

A

26% - diagnosable disorder each year, probably higher
18% -anxiety schizophrenia - 1%
9.5% - mood many ppl will have more than 1
mood & anxiety usually occur together

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10
Q

one year prevalence for children

A

20.9% - each year 13% - anxiety 6% - mood

substance - 2% disruptive - 10%

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11
Q

Why do people develop psychological disorders?

A

chemical imbalances, early childhood experiences, environmental factors, distorted thought process

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12
Q

What causes abnormal behavior? Biological

A

genetic/ epigenetic influence; abnormal behavior results from some physical dysfunction, something wrong with brain; under/over activation

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13
Q

What causes abnormal behavior? Psychological

A

result of past and present life experiences; Freud: early experiences with loss gives rise to depression

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14
Q

Psychodynamic

A

intrapsychic conflict anxiety, conflict b/w id and super ego

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15
Q

behavioral

A

abnormal behavior is learned, reinforcement issue

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16
Q

cognitive

A

how you think about yourself and the world

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17
Q

sociocultural approach

A

Pibloktoq - arctic circle, extreme distress, coma, yell, tear off clothes, 24hrs later recover and have no memory
koro- southeast Asia, retraction of genitals in the body

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18
Q

gender differences in diagnosis?

A

women are taught to express emotions, difference of power compared to men, higher levels of anxiety

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19
Q

mental illness as a myth (extreme view)

A

Thomas Szaz - problems in living..dont use word mental illness (doesn’t exist ); easier to press people diagnosis takes responsibility away from person; labels to ignore/dismiss ppl who act diff..marginalize

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20
Q

interactionist approach

A

what is abnormal behavior?

Diathesis stress model and biopsychosocial model

21
Q

diathesis stress model

A

behavior is too complex, ppl are born with a biological predisposition..however not enough, need trigger

22
Q

biopsychosocial model

A

what goes on in the mind vs. world..interact w/ each other..not just one thing, interaction among social. psychological, and biological factors

23
Q

How do we treat Psychological disorders?

A
  1. Trephining - drill a hole in skull, let bad spirits out, ancient technique
  2. St. Mary’s Bethlehem - locked them up.. introduction of the insane asylum, bedlam, could go and pay to see crazy ppl
  3. Phillipe Pinel - unchained them and talked to them
24
Q

Biomedical therapies - foundation of medical model

A
  1. Psychosurgery - lobotomy, used for schizophrenia..corpus collasum, option if not responsive to medication, last resort, not done anymore
  2. electroconvulsive - electric current.. not effective for schizophrenia.. effective for depression
  3. drug therapies - alleviate symptoms, dont cure (Szaz argument)
25
Q

Psychotherapy

A

where a trained professional employs psychological techniques to help ppl in need
insight therapy, behavior therapy, eclectic

26
Q

insight therapy

A

help ppl understand why they feel this way

27
Q

behavior therapy

A

focused on changing behavior..dont care why

28
Q

eclectic

A

using one or more approach

29
Q

Psychodynamic therapies

A

explore childhood events

30
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

goal is insight and catharsis, explore unconscious causes of disorder Freud: introspecting about structure of conscious..to gain insight; free association, resistance, transference

31
Q

catharsis

A

emotional release after finding source of distress

32
Q

free association

A

unfiltered thoughts and feelings, therapist searches for reoccurring themes, dream analysis

33
Q

resistance

A

analyze resistance; identification of ego defense mechanism

34
Q

transference

A

when analyst begins to assume a major significance in the clients life and client reacts to the analyst based on unconscious childhood fantasies (ppl are born aggressive and with sexual urges that are repressed in childhood)

35
Q

Humanistic therapies

A

goal is to facilitate self actualization, distress from incongruence
person centered: capacity for growth thru acceptance and genuine rxn from therapists (Karl Rodgers)
empathy: therapist reflects back what client is facing.. client feels understood
unconditional + regard: conveys to client they are of value and good person

36
Q

Behavior therapies

A

classical conditioning, operant conditioning

37
Q

classical conditioning

A

associations develop b/w 2 stimuli.. how fear and anxiety rise

38
Q

counter conditioning

A

teach opposite emotional response
systematic desensitization: Joseph Wolpe, teach relaxation response, gradual, most common
aversion therapy: positive response to something you shouldnt do, teach a fear response

39
Q

operant conditioning

A

token economics: promote desired behavior, give them award when they show good behavior.. then cash them in
punishment: eliminating unwanted behaviors.. consequences, reinforcing events
flooding

40
Q

flooding

A

dont let person escape fear until it sub sides; the relief after getting away from fear maintains it

41
Q

social learning

A

observational learning; virtual reality can be useful

42
Q

cognitive therapies

A

questioning and answering..explain other possibilities; disorder caused by distorted thoughts

43
Q

helpful health care professionals

A

clinical psychologist: PhD, can’t prescribe drugs, psychiatrists: medical doctors, can prescribe drugs, counseling psychologists, psychiatric nurse, social worker, pastoral counselor, counselor

44
Q

is therapy useful?

A

therapy clients show greater improvement than non therapy clients; the more sessions the greater likelihood of success.. does level off around 15 sessions, metanalysis no particular type of psychotherapy is better than the other, problem specific (anxiety.. behavior & depression..cognitive)

45
Q

what are common themes of successful psychotherapy?

A

supportive relationship- empathy, feeling understood
ray of hope - exception that therapy will make a difference
opportunity to open up - talk about feelings

46
Q

DSM-5 (Axis)

A
  1. primary diagnosis 2. personality disorder & mental retardation 3. medical condition that might effect the indiv. psychological disorder 4. recent social & environmental sources of distress 5. current level of functioning & highest in past year
47
Q

DSM-5 Def

A

classification system that describes features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished

48
Q

Criticism of DSM-5

A
  1. reinforces disease model.. the idea of mental illness 2. everyday problems viewed as mental problems.. can be diagnosed if someone dies and your still sad 2+ weeks
  2. overly responsive to political issues.. put together by committees who are politically influenced (gay used to be a disorder) 4. power of the label.. Rosenhan study, Am. Psychieatric Assoc. - label behavior not person
49
Q

Rosenhan Study

A

faked a symptom… hallucinations, were admitted to hospital, once admitted they abandoned fake symptom…. none of the staff noticed they were sane, human contact was very minimal (6min a day), few visitors, once released (2wks - 8 wks) diagnosed as paranoid and schizophrenic in remission

Psych 202 (3 decks)

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