Psychological Development of the Child Flashcards
patient assessment
- child age
- cognitive level
- temperament
- personality characteristics
- anxiety and fear
- reactions to strangers
- previous dental experiences
- maternal dental anxiety
child development types (Stone and Church, 1975)
- infant
- toddler
- preschooler
- middle years child
- adolescent
infant: age
birth to 15 months
infant: characteristics
- stranger anxiety
- minimal dental intervention
infant: dental intervention
- oral prophylaxis and fluoride application
- oral health education
important to establish in infants to take care of primary teeth
- dental home
- anticipatory guideline
toddler: age
15 months to 2 years
toddler: characteristics
- ambivalent nature
- rapid development of verbal and cognitive skills
- developing and growing in knowledge but still immature
- incapable of perceiving dental measures needed or realizing significance of behavior in dental office
preschooler: age
2 to 6 years old
preschooler: characteristics
- wears his/her personality
- more skilled in the use of words and symbols
- more effective in intrapersonal communication
- influenced and shaped by their immediate environment
best age to introduce physiognomic and euphemistic description of dental procedures
preschooler
important method to a preschooler’s learning
modeling
examples of psyiognomic and euphemistic descriptions of dental procedures
- rubber dam = raincoat
- radiograph = tooth picture
- prophy brush = electric toothbrush
middle years child: age
6 to 12 years old
middle years child: characteristics
- mixed dentition
- time of moderate to rapid physical growth
- time of reaching out for independent identity
- can accept reason
- anxiety can be dealt with a reasonable way by staff personnel and dentist
adolescent: age
12 years to maturity
adolescent: characteristics
- changes morphologically and emotionally
- self-awareness becomes intensified and results in new push for independence
- usually respond in appreciative manner
age related psychosocial traits and skills: 2 years
- geared to gross motor skills
- likes to see and touch
- very attached to their parents
-plays alone; rarely shares - limited vocabulary (early sentence
formation) - interested in self-help skills
age related psychosocial traits and skills: 3 years
- less egocentric; likes to please
- has creative imagination; likes stories
- remains closely attached to parent
age related psychosocial traits and skills: 4 years
- tries to impose power
- participates in small social groups
- reaches out
- show many independent self-help skills
- knows how to say ‘thank you’ and ‘please’
age related psychosocial traits and skills: 5 years
- undergoes period of ‘consolidation’; deliberate
- takes pride in possession
- relinquishes comfort objective
- plays cooperatively with peers
behavior classification
- Frankl’s behavior
- Wright behavior
Frankl’s behavior
- rating 1 (definitely negative)
- rating 2 (negative)
- rating 3 (positive)
- rating 4 (definitely positive)
rating 1
(definitely negative)
- refusal of treatment
- forceful crying
- fearfulness
- overt evidence of extreme negativism
rating 2
(negative)
- reluctance to accept treatment - not combative
- uncooperativeness
- evidence of negative attitude but not pronounced
rating 3
(positive)
- acceptance to treatment
- cautious behavior
- willingness to comply with reservation but follow dentist’s instructions cooperatively
rating 4
(definitely positive)
- good rapport with dentist
- interest in dental procedure
- enjoyment
Wright’s classification
- cooperative
- lacking in cooperative ability
- potentially cooperative
cooperative
- minimal apprehension
- straightforward behavior-shaping
- pharmacologic approach
lacking in cooperative ability
- less than 3 yrs in age
- pre-cooperative stage
- handicapped conditions
- communication cannot be established
potentially cooperative
- may be healthy or disabled
- has capability to behave well
- behavior can be modified
Wright’s classification - 6 different types of personality
- uncontrolled/hysterical
- defiant
- tense-cooperative
- timid and shy
- whining
- stoic behavior
uncontrolled/hysterical
- preschool children at 1st visit
- temper tantrums
defiant
- spoiled/stubborn children
- can be cooperative
tense-cooperative
- borderline between positive and negative behavior
- do not resist treatment but tensed
timid and shy
- overprotective child at first
- shy but cooperative
whining
- allows for treatment but complains throughout procedure
- delaying procedure
stoic behavior
- physically abused children
- cooperative and passively accept treatment without any facial expression
