Psychological aspects of pain and pain management

Question 1

Define pain

Answer 1

An unpleasant and emotional experience associated with actual or poetical tissue damage describes in terms of such damage

Question 2

What is the operative definition of pain

Answer 2

Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is

Question 3

Give the 2 types of pain

Answer 3

1. Acute

2. Chronic

Question 4

Describe acute pain

Answer 4

Adaptive and meaningful pain usually do to an injury eg cut, burns, surgery ect

Question 5

Describe chronic pain

Answer 5

Pain experienced after enough time has passed for normal healing to have carried out

Question 6

Give characteristics of acute pain

Answer 6

1. It is a warning system
2. Represents tissue damage
3. Short duration
4. Care and relief is likely
5. Suffering is recognised

Question 7

Give characteristics of chronic pain

Answer 7

1. ay or may not be associated with tissue damage
2. Long duration
3. No end in sight
4. Care and relief is unlikely
5. Psychosomatic
6. Suffering may be dismissed

Question 8

What does Psychosomatic mean?

Answer 8

Psychological aetiology

Question 9

Give an example of an easy pain theory

Answer 9

Biomedical

Question 10

How is the biomedical model used to theorise pain

Answer 10

1. Pain is automatic response to an external facto
2. Tissue damage causes the sensation of pain
3. The pain sensation has only a single cause
4. Psychological factors have no causal influence
5. Pain was categorised into psychogenic or organic

Question 11

What does organic pain mean?

Answer 11

This is regarded as real pain when clear injury can be seen

Question 12

What does into psychogenic pain mean?

Answer 12

Pain that is ‘all in your head’ when no organic basis can be found

Question 13

How has psychology been included in theories of pain

Answer 13

1. Medical treatments fro pain were found to be only effective fro treating acute pain not chronic
2. Individuals with the same degree of tissue damage differed inter reports of pain
3. Phantom limb pain

Question 14

Give the pain theory that was proposed in 1965

Answer 14

Gate control thirty melzack and wall

Question 15

Talk though the gate control theory melzack and wall

Answer 15

1. Theres a neural gate in the spinal cord that regulates the experience of pain
2. Pain is not the result of a straight through sensory channel
3. There are both physiological an psychological causes
4. Pain is a perception an experience rather than a sensation
5. The individual no longer just responds passively t painful stimuli

Question 16

How is information sen dot the gates according to the gate control theory?

Answer 16

1. Behavioural state (Eg attention, focus on the source of pain )
2. Emotional state (Eg anxiety, fear, depression)
3. Previous experience of self efficacy in dealing with pain

Question 17

Give examples of questionnaires we can use to measure pain

Answer 17

1. McGill Pain questionnaire

Question 18

What does the McGill pain questionnaire

Answer 18

Uses multiple records to attempt to quantify the entire pain experience

Question 19

What does the McGill pain questionnaire discriminate between?

Answer 19

Discriminates between:

1. Sensory (ie what the pain physically feels like)
2. Affective (ie what the pain feels like emotionally)
3. Evaluative (ie What the subjective overall intensity of the pain experience is)

Question 20

Why is a pain scale useful?

Answer 20

1. As It is hard to put pain into words
2. Pain is multi faceted
3. Faces on a scale can help us understand how pain makes the patient feel
4. Numeric scales ca help quantify pain using numbers
5. Physical ailments can often be culturally defined and so problems with understanding/interpretation

Question 21

How can we mange pain?

Answer 21

1. Placebo
2. Patient control
3. Hypnosis
4. Acupuncture
5. Chronic Pain Psychological Therapy