Psychological Approaches Flashcards
What is the psychological approach?
A theory, approach or perspective that involves certain assumptions about human behaviour
Give 4 psychological approaches
1) Cognitive
2) Humanistic
3) Behaviourist
4) Psychoanalytical
What is the cognitive approach?
A development of thought and mental processes
Give 3 ways the cognitive approach impacts on communication
1) Information Processing
2) Building a Wall, Knowledge like Bricks
3) Organisation of Speech and Arguments
Give 1 example of how the cognitive approach impacts on communication
Jargon would be difficult for a patient to understand if they didn’t know the terminology
Give 3 psychologists who studied the cognitive approach
1) Jean Piaget
2) Lev Vygotsky
3) Leon Festinger
What is the humanistic approach?
The way in which personality is studied from the point of view of an individuals subjective experience
Give 3 ways the humanistic approach impacts on communication
1) Self-Concept
2) Self-Actualise
3) Growth-Promoting
Give 1 example of how the humanistic approach impacts on communication
Feeling tired or hungry discourages positive communication / has a negative impact on communication
What is the difference between congruence and incongruence?
Congruence – If an individual see’s their self-image similar to what it really is, they will reach self-actualisation
Incongruence – If an individual see’s their self-image different to what it really is, they won’t reach self-actualisation
Give 3 psychologists who studied the humanistic approach
1) Carl Rogers
2) Gerard Egan
3) Abraham Maslow
What is the behaviourist approach?
An understanding of human behaviour in terms of what has been learnt
Give 2 ways psychologists studied the behaviourist approach
1) Operant Conditioning on Rats (Skinner)
2) Classical Conditioning on Dogs (Pavlov)
Give 1 example of how the behaviourist approach impacts on communication
Being rewarded encourages positive communication / has a positive impact on communication
Give 2 psychologists who studied the behaviourist approach
1) Ivan Pavlov
2) B. F. Skinner
What is the psychoanalytical approach?
How childhood experiences and unconscious desires influence behaviour
Give 3 ways the psychoanalytical approach impacts on communication
1) Slip of Tongue
2) Past and Childhood Experiences
3) Decision Making / Superego vs Id = Ego
What is the difference between superego, id and ego?
Superego – Moral demands / oversight
Id – Unconscious desires
Ego – Your decision
Give 1 example of how the psychoanalytical approach impacts on communication
Someone trying to justify a poor action may make you angry in which your id tells you to yell or scream at them. However, you don’t because your superego knows its wrong and influences your mind to listen to them.
Give 1 psychologist who studied the psychoanalytical approach
Sigmund Freud
