- traumatic lesion better outcome than vascular - site of lesion: angular gyrus involvement less chance of recovery (becuase of aud comp)

- bhogal et al 2003: need at least 2 hours/week to make a difference; intense treatent (more than 8.8 hrs a week) over a short period of time is more effective than less intense over longer period - Robey 1998: treatment during acute preiod is 2x more effective

sensitive for MILD affected patients - type of aphasia determined based on rating scale profile of speech characteristics: articulatory agility, phrase length, grammatical form, melodic line, paraphasias in running speech, word finding, sentence repetition, auditory comprehension - based on conversational and expository speech

- storehouse for words and their meanings - everything revolves around it

- request for meaning of the recognized word happens between this connection - -allows heard recognized words to access meaning from semantic system

Psycholinguistic Model Flashcards by Lauren Mallory

Ellis and Young

1988 psycholinguistic model of aphasia (just at the word level)
-describes aphasia based on functional lesion

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prognostic factors

traumatic lesion better outcome than vascular

- site of lesion: angular gyrus involvement less chance of recovery (becuase of aud comp)

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Tx factors

bhogal et al 2003: need at least 2 hours/week to make a difference; intense treatent (more than 8.8 hrs a week) over a short period of time is more effective than less intense over longer period
Robey 1998: treatment during acute preiod is 2x more effective

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Syndrome approach

BDAE

WAB

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BDAE

sensitive for MILD affected patients

type of aphasia determined based on rating scale profile of speech characteristics: articulatory agility, phrase length, grammatical form, melodic line, paraphasias in running speech, word finding, sentence repetition, auditory comprehension
based on conversational and expository speech

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WAB

better for lower level patients

- criteria for determinng syndome is based on objective scores, rather than a rating scale

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Auditory analysis system (AAS)

feature detector (i.e. stop consonant/voied/voiceless)

dstinguishes between speech and nonspeech
detects frequency, freqeucny changes, VOT
activates stored rep of PHONEME
no meaning or words yet, ONLY phonetic info

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auditory input lexicon (AIL)

first level where brain recognizes WORD
matches acoustic waveform to stored word representation
NO MEANING YET
basically recognizes familiar spoken words

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Semantic system

storehouse for words and their meanings

- everything revolves around it

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speech output lexicon (SOL)

storage for memory of pronunciation of words

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Phoneme Level (PL)

-speech.. speicies how you are going to say the word

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AIL–>SS link

request for meaning of the recognized word happens between this connection
-allows heard recognized words to access meaning from semantic system

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AAS–>PL link

-pathway often used for repetition of nonwords and unfamiliar words
-no meaning attached to these words, so they can’t go through the semantic system
(bypass route)

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Repetition of REAL words route

AAS–>AIL–>SS–>SOL–>PL

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AUD COMP words

AAS–>AIL–>SS–>SOL–>PL
or
AAS–>PL (for nonwords)

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Visual Analysis System (VAS)

-identifies component letters of written words and notes position within the word

Visual Input Lexicon (VIL)

represenation of thousands of words within this lexicon
receives input from VAS letter recognizers and activates the stored representations of words
activates meaning in the semantic system

store house for words and their meanings

Speech Output Lexicon (SOL)

-semantic system can activate words spoken form here, allowing for the word to be read aloud

Grapheme to Phoneme Conversion route (GPC)

receives input from VAS
-translates familiar letter storings into phoneme strings (i.e. how we read unfamiliar words
=used only occassionally by normal adult readers, as it is laborious and skilled readers have 1000s of word reps already storied in lexicon
-used by young readers and patients with dyslexia

Reading via Meaning Route

VAS–>VIL–>SS–>SOL–>PL

Whole-Word Bypass route

VAS–>VIL–>SOL–PL

Sublexical route for unfamiliar/nonwords

VAS–>GPC–>Pl

reading words

VAS-->VIL-->SS-->SOL-->PL
or
VAS-->VIL-->SOL-->PL (bypass meaning)
or
VAS-->GPC-->PL (sublexical route)

Written naming

Picture Input SS Grapheme Output Lexicon (GOL) -storehouse of orthographic reps that were previously encountered -words can be retrieved from GOL in response to SS, AIL, and SOL -pts with dysphagia often write PART of the words/letters, indicated only partial activation of the representation from this lexicon

grapheme level (GL)

- abstract description of each of letters used in english... where you get letters/spelling out - similar to PL

Central dyslexias

- direct dyslexia - surface dyslexia - phonological dyslexia - deep dyslexia

direct dyslexia/reading without meaning

- reading without meaning - can read words aloud but breakdown in semantic system and don't get meaning - lesion: SS -tx: match words with pictures and train semantic info

surface dyslexia

- good at reading nonwords - cant read irregular words, produce regularization errors - lesion: VIL->SS tx: train digraphs so GPC is more effective, OR treat SS and target irregular words

phonological dyslexia

- cant use GPC, cant read nonwords deficit: GPC tx: train decoding to increase GPC efficiency

deep dyslexia

- cant use GPC route to read nonwords, or direct route to read irregular words - many semantic errors - abstract words more difficult, do better with concrete - errors on function words lesion: bypass and direct route SS - imperfect semantic access and cant fall back on GPC route -tx: strengthen semantic connections and train use of GPC

central dysgraphias

- phonological dysgraphia - surface dysgraphia - deep dysgraphia

phonological dysgraphia

- can write regular and irregular KNOWN words - cant write nonwords - must write via semantics - lesion: PGC - tx: train PGC for decoding

surface dysgraphia

- can spell regular and nonwords via PGC - cant use direct route to spell irregular words (cant get once familiar spelling from GOL) - lesion: OOL/GOl tx: train digraphs to increase PGC efficiency, or treat semantic route to strengthen direct route

deep dysgraphia

- make semantic errors in writing to dictation - between with concrete words than abstract - PGC route impaired too so cant write nonwords lesion: SS-->GOL, PGC - usually fall back on using imperfect semantic system to spell -tx: strengthen semantic system and PGC