general Flashcards

1
Q

definition

A

impairment due to acquired and recent impairment of the CNS, of the ability to comprehend and formulate language. Multimodality disorder represented by a variety of impairments in auditory language and reading/writing. It cannot be explained by dementia, sensory loss, or motor function (not aphasia if cognition is also impacted)- (Rosenbeck, LaPointe, & Wertz, 1967)

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2
Q

anomia

A

word retrieval deficit

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3
Q

paraphasia

A

misproduction of a word

  • verbal: unrelated real word
  • semantic: related to target word
  • lexical: similar to semantic/verbal
  • phonemic: substitute, transpose, or omit sounds
  • sublexical: include phonemic and neologism errors
  • neologistic: made up word
  • perseverative: from previous utterance
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4
Q

agrammatic

A

lacks inflection, prepositions, verbs, copulas; stringing together of nouns and verbs, telegraphic, usually NONFLUENT

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5
Q

paragrammatic:

A

unsystematic omission or substitution of grammatical morphemes; fluent

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6
Q

alexia

A

reading deficit

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7
Q

agraphia

A

writing deficit

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8
Q

Broca’s

A

nonfluent

  • damage: broca’s area, premotor area, motor strip, insula, basal ganglia
  • production is effortful, restricted vocab, telegraphic, noun dominated, deletion of functor words
  • repetition: impaired
  • aud comp: impaired with complex sentences
  • writing: similar to spoken output
  • may also have oral apraxia
  • usually have right upper extremity spasticity and right lower facial weakness–consistent with UUMN dysarthria)

-Severity rating scale BDAE: 1-1.5, 2 and 3 not uncommon with recovery
-articulatory agility: 1-4
-phrase length: 1-4
-grammatical form: 1-4
-melodic line: 1-4
paraphasia in RS: 5-7
-word finding r/t fluency: 4-7
-sentence rep: 30-65%
-AC: above 50

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9
Q

Wernicke’s

A

FLUENT

  • damage: posterior lesion, superior temporal gyrus (wernickes, 22), may extend to angular and supramarginal gyrus, middle temp gyrus (aud comp) and primary/secondary auditory areas
  • production: fluent, normal prosody, lacking content,no self-corrections, paraphasic errors including semantic, phonemic, and neologistic
  • naming: impaired
  • writing and reading deficits
  • aud comp IMPAIRED
  • unaware of deficits, usually no hemiparesis
  • severe cases: may be jargon speech

-BDAE raing profile of speech characteristics
-AA: 6-7
-PL: 5.5-7
-GF: 5/5-7
-ML: 6.5-7
Paraphasia in RS: 1-4
-Word finding r/t fluency: 1-3
-SR: 0-60%
-AC: 0-50 (below 50%)

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10
Q

Conduction

A

damage: supramarginal gyrus, primary auditory cortex, insula, subcortical white matter, ARCUATE FASCICULUS
- FLUENT, literal paraphasias, phonemic paraphasias, impaired naming;vflow may be interrupted by frequent attempts at self-correction or word finding difficulties
- frequent phonemic paraphasias that client tries to correct–> conduit d’approache, conduit d’ecart: attempts move closer and closert to target or further and further
- repetition: SEVERELY IMPAIRED (hallmark)
- aud com: relatively spared
- writing impaired with difficulty planning sounds and letters
- aware of deficit, self-corrections and frustration, sometimes rt sided paresis

BDAE rating scale speech characteristics:

  • AA: 5-7
  • PL: 5-7
  • GF: 4.5-7
  • ML: 5.5-7
  • Praphasia in RS: 2-4
  • Word finding r/t fluency: 2-4
  • SR: 0-55%
  • AC: 50-100%
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11
Q

Global

A

EXTENSIVE DAMAGE, broca’s, wernicke’s, etc

  • production is fluent or nonfluent, severe deficits across all language modalities
  • gesture well
  • profound anomia, virtually no speech output (THAT GUY FROM BMC)
  • sometimes stereotyped utterances
  • repetition: impaired
  • aud comp good for single nouns and verbs ONLY
  • impaired reading and writing
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12
Q

anomic

A
  • lesion: posterior lesion in left temporal cortex, middle or inferior temporal gyri
  • fluent, empty content
  • naming difficulty!
  • nouns worse than verbs
  • many semantic paraphasias
  • repetition, aud comp, reading and writing all okay (reading comp impaired with increased length)

BDAE rating scale speech characteristics

  • AA: 6.5-7
  • PL: 6-7
  • GF: 6.5-7
  • ML: 6.5-7
  • Paraphasia in RS: 5-7
  • WF r/t fluency: 2-4
  • SR: 65-100%
  • AC: 60-100%
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13
Q

transcortical motor

A
  • damage: frontal areas outside broca’s, extends anterior to the premotor cortex, deep white matter
  • production is nonfluent, reduced complexity, phonemic paraphasias, perseveration
  • repetition: good (HALLMARK)
  • aud comp: relatively unimpaired for conversation, but may be impaired when tested formally/complex
  • reading, writing impaired
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14
Q

transcrotical sensory

A
  • damage: outside wernicke’s, posterior mid-temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, white matter
  • production is FLUENT, neologistic, circumlocutory empty speech, cant access meaning
  • repetition GOOD (hallmark)
  • comprehension: context dependent
  • reading and writing impaired
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15
Q

transcortical mixed

A

damage: outside wernicke’s and broca’s; diffuse pathologies not exclusive to CVA
- production: sparse verbal output, nonfluent,
- naming: impaired
- repetition: GOOD (hallmark)
- IMPAIRED auditory comp (on BDAE should be below 50th percentile to consider mixed nonfluent vs. broca;s)
- reading and writing impaired

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16
Q

fluent

A

anomic
conduction
transcortical sensory
wernicke’s

17
Q

nonfluent

A

transcortical motor
broca’s
severe mixed nonfluent
global

18
Q

Sentence Production Model

A

(Garrett)
Message level rep–>Functional level rep–>Positional level rep–>phonetic encoding–>articultion

  • message level: brain decide what its going to say/intention to say a mesage
  • functional level rep: looks up kind of words it needs to formulate a sentence (lexical selection), then it creates slots for words in the sentence..decide what verb and how many slots it needs/thematic roles (lexical assignment)
  • positional levle rep: options from functional level are received and insterted into specific slots, sentence produced in its correcet grammatical form (with morphology)
19
Q

Sentence Comprehension Model

A

(Saffran)

  • shares functional and positional levels with Garrett’s model
  • acoustic level rep–>phonetic level rep–>postional level rep–>functional level rep–>conceptual represenation of the sentence meaning
20
Q

Syntactic categories

A

-noun, verb, preposition, determiner

21
Q

phrasal categories

A

noun phrase
verb phrase
prep phrase
head of phrase

22
Q

thematic roles

A
  • semantic concepts that denote meaning/relations between words
  • assigned by the verb
  • the doers and receivers (agent, object/receiver) of actions
23
Q

argument structure

A
  • every predicate has an argument structure

- verb is specified by the number of places it requries

24
Q

adjunct

A
  • optional phrasal constituents
  • what the verb lieks but does NOT NEED
  • ie: the man drove the car (to the garage)
25
Q

canonicity

A
  • sentence order
  • canonical (SVO) active
  • noncanonical passive
  • noncanonical other: it was the boy who the girl chased
26
Q

Trace deletion hypothesis

A

pts with Broca’s aphasia have lot the ability to rlate certain “moved” constituents to their oringinal plce, reulsting in diffiuclty understanding thematic roles

  • example: the boy chase the girl/the girl was chased by the boy
    error: i dont know, dont get this