Psychodynamics I & II Flashcards
Topographic Model
1) Conscious–>currently aware
2) Pre-conscious–>easily recalled
3) Unconscious (drives)–>repressed thoughts and feelings
Name the 5 stages of Psychosexual Development and the ages in which they occur
1) Oral phase –> birth-1.5yrs
2) Anal phase–>1.5-3yrs
3) Phallic phase–>3-5/6yrs
4) Latency phase–>6yrs-adolescent
5) Genital phase –>adolescent/adult onward…
Oral Phase
sucking, dependency, paradise because there is someone 24/7 available to take care of me;
in adults: enjoy food, chew gum, smoke, drink; develop behaviors that are passive and dependent
Anal Phase
crawling, exploring, learning how to say “no!”, potty training (holding on, letting go); terrible twos (paradise lost!)
in adults: neat, on time, correct, organized, careful with money, controlled
fixation (carry a phase w/us b/c we enjoyed that phase) and regression (common when parents have second child)
Phallic Phase
Oedipal (boys); Electra (girls); curious about sex differences and close to parent of opposite sex
Latency Phase
Girl scouts/boyscouts; learn the usual social traditions of being a boy or girl
Genital Phase
Capacity for true intimacy
Structural Model contains what 3 parts?
Id, Ego/Ego Defense Mechanisms, and Superego
Id “Child”
from birth; wants fun, gratification; instinctive sexual and aggressive drives; “I want now!”
Superego “Parent”
from age 5 onward; the conscience–>rules, morals, values w/input from parents, teachers, religious authorities, political authorities, societal norms, legal system; “Thou shalt not!”
Ego “Adult”
Ego begins developing at birth but isn’t fully formed. controls expression of id and adapts to requirements of external world through defense mech; Ego is aware of both Superego and Id
Ego Normal vs Under Stress
normal: helps form personality/satisfy relationships/sense of reality about world; stress: id threatens control of ego/superego causing anxiety and defense mechanisms
Level I Psychotic Mechanisms - Name them, describe them
1) Delusional Projection
2) Psychotic Denial
3) Distortion
-common in “healthy” individuals before age five, in adult dreams/fantasy. For user, mechanisms alter reality. For beholder, appear “crazy”.
Delusional Projection
Frank delusions about external reality, usually of a persecutory type. Perception of one’s feelings in another person and then acting on it (paranoid delusions). Perception of other people or their feelings literally inside oneself (“the devil is devouring my heart”)
Psychotic Denial
denial of external reality; “I am Jesus Christ” denies the fact that he is John Williams
Distortion
Grossly reshaping external reality to suit inner needs; unrealistic megalomaniacal beliefs; hallucinations, wish-fulfilling delusions of delusional superiority or entitlement; denial of personal responsibility for one’s own behavior.
Level II Immature Defense Mechanisms - Name them, describe them
1) Projection
2) Somatization
3) Acting Out
4) Splitting
-common in healthy individuals ages 3-15; seen in personality disorders; for user–> alter distress due to thread of interpersonal intimacy or its loss; to the beholder–>socially undesirable
Projection
attributing one’s own unacknowledged feelings to others; includes severe prejudice, rejections of intimacy through unwarranted suspicion, marked hypervigilance to external danger and injustice-collecting; behavior may be eccentric and abrasive but within the letter of the law
“paranoid personality”
Somatization
Turning an unacceptable impulse or feeling into physical symptom (pain/illness/neurasthenia)
Permits individual to belabor others with his own pain or discomfort in lieu of making direct demands upon them or in lieu of complaining that others have ignored his wishes to be dependent (cry for help)
Acting Out
Delinquent or impulsive act to avoid being aware of one’s feelings; direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in order to avoid being conscious of the affect that accompanies it
Drug use, failure, perversion, self-inflicted injury to relieve tension (doing instead of thinking or feeling)
“antisocial personality disorder”
Splitting
Seeing people and events as ALL good or ALL bad and quickly switch between these extreme positions
“borderline personality disorder”
Level III “Neurotic” Defense Mechanisms – Name them, describe them
1) Denial
2) Displacement
3) Dissociation
4) Identification
5) Intellectualization
6) Isolation of Affect
7) Rationalization
8) Reaction Formation
9) Regression
10) Undoing
common in “healthy: individuals age 3-90; also in neurotic disorders and acute stress. For user: alter private feelings or instinctual expression; for beholder: quirks or hangups!
Denial
Unable to accept intolerable facts about reality; most common defense seen in medical practice
Displacement
Redirection of feelings toward a relatively less cared for object than the person or situation arousing the feelings
Ex: if angry at your boss, replace w/a thing (kick a chair) or stranger (road rage)
**most phobias, many hysterical conversion reactions, and some prejudice involve displacement
Dissociation
Temporary but drastic modification of one’s character or of one’s sense of personal identity to avoid emotional stress (separation of mental processes)–>acute rxn to trauma
“multiple personality disorder”
Identification
unconscious patterning of one’s behavior after a powerful, influential person (adopting habits of parent or coach, behaviors/parenting style “runs in families, Stockholm syndrome)
Intellectualization
Thinking about instinctual wishes in formal, affectively bland terms and NOT acting on them. The idea is in the consciousness but the feeling is missing (isolation, rationalization, ritual, un-doing, restitution, magical thinking, “busywork”)
“Obsessive Compulsive Disorder”
Isolation of Affect
Intellectual knowledge and understanding of a negative event WITHOUT experiencing the feelings
Rationalization
Providing superficially reasonable accounts to explain away negative events, feelings, actions
Reaction Formation
Behavior in a fashion diametrically opposed to an unacceptable instinctual impulse (overtly caring for someone else when one wishes to be cared for oneself, “hating” someone or something that one really likes; “loving” a hated rival or unpleasant duty)
Regression
Appearance of child-like behavior during periods of stress (seen in medical crises, when a sibling is born)
Undoing
Protecting against a negative past event by acceptable “corrective” behavior eg superstitious rituals or formal atonement or confession
Level IV: Mature Mechanisms - Name and Describe
1) Altruism
2) Sublimation
3) Anticipation
4) Suppression
5) Humor
common in “healthy” adults 12-90yrs; for “user”: integrate reality, interpersonal relationships and private feelings; to beholder they appear as convenient virtues
Altruism
Vicarious but constructive and instinctually gratifying service to others; constructive reaction formation, philanthropy, repaid service to others. Differs from projection/acting out in that it provides REAL, not imaginary, benefit to others and from reaction formation in that it leaves person using defense as partly gratified
Sublimation
Indirect/attenuated expression of instincts w/out either adverse consequences or marked loss of pleasure. (expressing aggression through pleasurable games, sports, hobbies; romantic attenuation of instinctual expression during real courtship; instincts are channeled rather than damned/diverted); feelings acknowledged, modified and directed toward people/goals
Anticipation
realistic anticipation of or planning for future inner discomfort (goal-directed; premature but realistic affective anticipation of death or surgery or separation)
Suppression
Conscious or semiconscious decision to postpone paying attention to a conscious impulse or conflict (seeing silver linings, minimizing discomfort, employing a stiff upper lip); postponing but NOT avoiding
Humor
Over expression of ideas and feelings w/out individual discomfort or immobilization and w/out unpleasant effect on others; permits one to bear and focus upon what is too terrible to be borne
Transference
patient’s unconscious “transfer” and replay of relationship with influential figures from the past. More likely with physicians; Positive transference = patient has unrealistic expectations of the doctor; Negative transference = patient develops mistrust, missed appointments, non-adherence, poor outcomes if patient’s desires aren’t realized
Countertransference
The MD’s transference to the patient (positive and negative)
