PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH Flashcards
TRIPARTIE PERSONALITY
ID; Develops at birth Impulsive Demands satisfaction Ego; Develops at 2-3 years old Rational Balances ID/superego in socially acceptable way Superego; Develops at 5-6 yrs old Embodies right/wrong Socially perfect
THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND
- Conscious aware of thoughts
- Subconscious needs a trigger
- Unconscious contains deepest/darkest fantasies
- Ego defence mechanisms- regression, displacement,projection, repression
INFLUENCES ON CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
Oral stage; -0-18 months -If satisfied they wont need to smoke or nail bit -Fixation is theyll become gullibe or pessemistic Anal stage; -1-3 years old -If satisfied they will have fun with boundaries -Fixation is becoming messy or too tidy Phallic stage; -Oedipus complex -Electra complex -Fixation is having problems with sexuality and relationships Latency; -Puberty Genital; -Puberty/adolescence
DREAM ANALYSIS-AIM
To uncover unconscious conflicts causing mental illness allowing them to be in concious mind to be dealt with
COMPONETS-DREAM ANALYSIS
Dream as a wishful fulfillment;
- Primary process thought is where fanasties and things deemed stressing to ego are reprssed into our dreams
The symbolic nature of dreams;
- Manifest/latent content, this is because the true meaning of our dreams could cause stress & anxiety
Therapy sessions
- Decoding manifest to latent (reverse of dreamwork)
Dreamwork;
- Therapist will reverse the dreamwork process converting manifest back to latent
- condensation ,representation,symbolism and secondary elaboration (constructing beginning middle end)
EFFECTIVENESS-DREAM ANALYSIES
+Solms did a PET scan showed rational parts of brain to being inactive and id given free reign / supports freud theory of primary process thought
-Dream analysis is biais, relies on subjective interpretation/false memory syndrome
+Hopfield et al found that computer simulations act like the brain by condensing overloaded memories into smaller ones/supports freud theory of condensation
ETHICAL ISSUES-DREAM ANALYSIS
- Therapist has control/they can take advantage of vulnerability and prolong sessions
- False memories can be created/causes psychological harm
- Emotional harm by uncovering repressed memories
METHODOLOGY-BOWLBY
- Case studies of thieves/early separation
- All emotionally disturbed/reason for referral
- Referred by school(22),parents(10)
- 44 thieves - 31 boys, 13 girls age 5-17
- Stealin grade 4=1
- IQ taken by binet scale (85-114)
- Controls matched by age,sex & IQ
- Mother of thieves/controls interviewed to assess children
PROCEDURE
- Opportunity sampling
- Psychologist conduct child mental test/IQ tests
- Social worker constructs unstructured interviews to obtain child’s psychiatric history
- Team used police & school reports
- 6 months post research children could meet psychologist and mother to meet social worker for help
FINDINGS-BOWLBY
-6 personality types;normal,hyperthermic,depressed,affectionless,circular,schizoid
-Affectionless character 14/ other 30 had other types
-34 maternal separation
-5 had fathers who hated them
control ;
-2 separated
-Many had fathers who hated them
-Betty I placed into foster care at 7 months
-Derek B hospitalised at 18 months
CONCLUSIONS-BOWLBY
- Juvenile delinquency involves factors like poverty/ lack of recreational facilities
- Treatment is slow/difficult early diagnosis is better
- Prolonged separation can be due to mother’s death/ill or social circumstances
CONCLUSIONS
- Juvenile delinquency involves factors like poverty/ lack of recreational facilities
- Treatment is slow/difficult early diagnosis is better
- Prolonged separation can be due to mother’s death/ill or social circumstances
EVALUATION-METHODOLOGY & PROCEDURE
Pros
-Extensive interviews
-Can generalise findings
Cons
-Early separation not variable manipulated
-Bias only bowlby viewed results so lacks inter rater validity
EVALUATION-FINDINGS & CONCLUSIONS
- Rutter et al studied 111 Romanian orphans adopted before 2 years and found that the sooner the children were adopted, the faster their developmental progress
- Spitz (1945) provided evidence that children raised in poor South American orphanages suffered from depression and apathy, while Spitz & Wolf (1946) claimed to show that recovery from early deprivation was rare.
ETHICAL ISSUES-BOWLBY
+Waited 5 years after study so individuals involved know what the study was about and could provide valid consent
-Bowlby published forename and initials of participants
