POSISTIVE APPROACH Flashcards
FREE WILL
- Humans are self directing/adaptive
- In control of behaviour/emotions
- Recognising signature strengh\ths will minimize negativity
- Diener et al found those who invested more time with family where happier
AUTHENTICITY OF GOODNESS & EXCELLENCE
- Feeling of happiness & goodness are as natural as bad ones
- Seligman suggests that other approaches deem these traits less authentic
- Born with inherent signature strengths
- Positive therapy focuses on positive traits
- Patients have fulfilling lives
THE GOOD LIFE
Factors that contribute in the biggest way to having a well lived life
-The pleasant life things that make you happy
-The good life doing things you love
-The meaningful life doing things for others
To achieve good life we should nurture signature strengths as they are natural routes to happiness
-Positive connections how we love and build spiritual connects
-Positive individual traits
-Life regulation qualites how we regulate our behaviour in order to accomplish goals
MINDFULNESS-AIM
for people to control their mind by paying attention to present thoughts
MBSR
- Combined buddhist teaching to relieve physical symptoms
- 8 week workshops taught by trainers
- Weekly meeting 2 hour classes
- 6 hr mindfulness practice
- 45 mins homework
- Taught 3 informal techniques
GAINING CONTROL-COMPONETS
lets individuals know when negative thoughts happen so they can alter them
MEDITATION & MINDFUL BREATHING
helps individual accept thoughts so they react less automatically
INFORMAL PRACTISES
when mind starts to wander they bring attention back to sensations they’re experiencing
EFFECTIVENESS-MINDFULNESS
Pros
- Combats depression relapse
- Teasdale et al did MBCT with 145 recovered -depressed people of 60 weeks
- Randomised for treatment or MBCT
- Patients with 3 episodes of depression (77%)
- MBCT reduced relapse
- Cost efficient
LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS
- Reibel et al did MBSR on 136 health related patients
- 20 mins of daily meditation
- Physical symptoms reduced by 26%
- Psychological distress reduced by 38%
- Anxiety 44% and depression 34%
- One year follow maintenance of initial improvements
ETHICAL ISSUES-MINDFULNESS
- Does Not involve dragging up past as a way of explanation of present behaviour
- Does Not change the way they think but allows them to accept it
- Enhancing leadership skills to improve decision making
METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES: MYERS & DINER
Research methods
-Literature review & meta-analysis of research of multiple studies from 80’s to 90’s
3 research methods
-Self report where participants considered own happiness
-SWB
-‘How satisfied are you with your life as a whole’
-Quantitative measure produced to represent happiness
-Observations researcher gives beepers so participants can send message saying what they was doing and feeling
-Way to sample behaviour
-Correlations way to understand happiness by understanding co-variables involved
FINDINGS-MYERS AND DINERS
Age
-Inglehart did survey of 170000 people from 16 countries
-Found no difference
-Mean score was 80% satisfaction with life
-Herzog et al found different factors contributing to happiness like social relationships/health become more important with age
Gender
-Harling et al found that gender contributed to 1% of global well being
-Robins and reiger found women are 2 times more vulnerable to depression than men
-Race & culture
-Diener et al found african americans are twice as happy as european americans
-People in individualistic cultures have greater SWB than collectivist cultures
Money
-Diener et al found +0.12 correlation money and happiness
-Affluence increases happiness but once basic level of comfort is reached money makes little difference
Traits happy people have
-High self esteem
-Self control
-Extraverts
Relationships
-Burt found those who could name close friends where happiest
-Wood et al found married and unmarried people had similar happiness
Work
-Csikzentmihayi people who engage in mindful challenges experience flow
Faith
-Gallup found people who have a commitment are twice as happy
CONCLUSIONS-MYERS & DINER
-Adaptation - only events in last 3 months affect SWB as we can adapt, but this can be affected to someones SWB
-Cultural worldview we are predisposed to view life events based on our culture which impacts SWB
-Values and goals - people with high subjective well being have high goals
Conclusion the future
-Allows to see what makes people happy the qualities will help psychologist build a world of wellbeing minimising alienation
CONCLUSIONS
-Adaptation - only events in last 3 months affect SWB as we can adapt, but this can be affected to someones SWB
-Cultural worldview we are predisposed to view life events based on our culture which impacts SWB
-Values and goals - people with high subjective well being have high goals
Conclusion the future
-Allows to see what makes people happy the qualities will help psychologist build a world of wellbeing minimising alienation
