psychodynamic approach Flashcards
who developed the psychodynamic approach
freud
define the conscious mind
contains everything you’re thinking about right now
define the preconscious mind
contains everything you’re not thinking about right now but it can be easily accessed
key assumption about the unconscious mind
most of our mind is unconscious meaning a lot of our behaviour is caused by the unconscious
what are the three parts of our personality
ego
id
superego
name for all 3 parts of personality
tripartite
what is the id responsible for
-instant gratification
-responsible for our urges and impulses
what is the superego responsible for
-morals and following rules
which part of the mind is the id found
unconscious meaning id is responsible for most of our behaviour
which part of our mind is the superego found
conscious, preconscious and unconscious
what is the ego responsible for
deciding whether to follow the impulses of the id or the morals of the superego (mediates)
which part of our mind is the ego found
conscious and preconscious mind
what are the three defense mechanisms
displacement
repression
denial
what does displacement do
the ego redirects the ids impulses towards something else
what does repression do
ego defends against the id by pushing any impulses away back into the unconscious mind
what does denial do
ego gives into the id but refuses to believe that it has and it ignores the superego
what are the 5 psychosexual stages
-oral
-anal
-phallic
-latent
-genital
what age is the oral stage
birth-18 months
explain the oral stage
urge for instant gratification is focused on the mouth
what age is the anal stage
18 months-3 years
explain the anal stage
urge for instant gratification is focused on the anus
define anally retentive
doesn’t like using the toilet
define anally expulsive
likes using the toilet
what age is the phallic stage
3years-6years
explain the phallic stage
boys perspective
boys become sexually attracted to their mothers and jealous of their fathers
they get castration anxiety
what complex do boys get in the phallic stage
oedipus complex
explain the phallic stage
girls perspective
girls get penis envy meaning they get angry at their mothers and become sexually attracted to their fathers
what complex do girls get in the phallic stage
electra complex
what age is the latent stage
6years-12years
explain the latent stage
id doesn’t focus on just one area of the body
no psychosexual fixations
what age is the genital stage
around 12 years
explain the genital stage
id focuses on the reproductive organs and desire for sex
no psychosexual fixation
explain psychosexual fixations
repressed psychological trauma affects behaviour
what did Freud say about children who were anally retentive
they are likely to be neat and organised and very careful with how they spend their money
what did Freud say about children who were anally expulsive
they are likely to struggle with controlling their emotions and messy
what was the name of Freuds case study about psychosexual development
little Hans
what stage was little Hans in
the phallic stage
what happened in the little Hans study
Hans didn’t like his dad or newborn sister meaning he had the oedipus complex. he had a fear of horses which was prominent in his dreams.
what were the findings of the little Hans study
Hans was scared of his father but this fear was redirected at horses which is called displacement
4 limitations of little Hans study
- findings may not generalise to other people
2.Freud didn’t directly observe little Hans. the self report method was used since his father observed him which means that findings were not based on objective and empirical evidence
3.cant establish cause and effect.
4.Freud didn’t manipulate any independant variables with a control group
