psychodynamic approach

Question 1

limitations
why does it lack scientific validity

Answer 1

difficulty in testing its concepts empirically. Many of Freud’s central ideas, such as the unconscious mind, repression, and the Oedipus complex, are abstract and not easily operationalized for empirical testing.
Freud developed many of his ideas through the analysis of a small number of patients, leading to criticisms of subjectivity and lack of generalizability. The reliance on qualitative, introspective methods limits the objectivity of the approach, as interpretations may vary from one therapist to another, and there is no standardized way to measure unconscious processes.