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psychodynamic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Freud’s approach?

A

the psychodynamic approach: the role of unconscious, structure of personality, defence mechanisms and psychosexual stages

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2
Q

What is Freud’s view on the unconscious mind?

A
  • it drives all behaviour
  • cannot control unconscious thoughts
  • urges us towards pleasure and away from displeasure
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3
Q

What is evidence for the unconscious mind?

A
  • dreams
  • freudian slips (parapraxis)
  • death drive (thanatos)
  • repression (holocaust victims repress)
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4
Q

What is Freud’s structure of personality?

A

the psyche:
- id (instincts)
- ego (reality)
- superego (morality)

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5
Q

What’s in charge for the healthy psyche?

A

the ego

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6
Q

What’s in charge for the neurotic psyche? (someone with anxiety or depression)

A

the superego

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7
Q

What’s in charge for the psychotic and psychopathic psyche?

A

the id, no superego

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8
Q

What is a defence mechanism?

A
  • responsible for enabling the ego to deal with conflict between the id and superego
  • they are what the ego uses to keep you happy –> causes issues in the long run
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9
Q

What are the three defence mechanisms?

A
  • denial
  • displacement
  • repression
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10
Q

What is denial?

A

refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

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11
Q

What is displacement?

A

transferring feelings from the true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target

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12
Q

What is repression?

A

pushing thoughts out of the conscious mind into the unconscious because you cannot deal with them

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13
Q

Why did Freud see importance of the early childhood?

A

the child will become abnormal if the parent doesn’t help their child progress though the 5 stages correctly

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14
Q

What are the stages of psychosexual development? (psychosexual stages)

A
  • oral
  • anal
  • phallic
  • latency
  • genital
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15
Q

What is the oral stage?

A

the mother is responsible for successfully weaning you onto solid foods

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16
Q

What happens if problems occur at the oral stage?

A
  • the individual would have issues with dependency or aggression
  • oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, smoking, nail biting and eating
17
Q

What is the anal stage?

A
  • parent is responsible for successfully toilet-training you
  • developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence
18
Q

What happens if the parent is too lenient in the anal stage?

A

anal-expulsive personality –> messy, wasteful, destructive personality

19
Q

What happens in the anal stage if the parent is too strict or starts too early?

A

anal retentive personality –> orderly, rigid, obsessive

20
Q

What is the phallic stage?

A
  • parent is responsible for helping you overcome your Electra or Oedipus complex
  • this is how you develop a conscience, and how you develop healthy gender identity
21
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A
  • boys begin to view their father as a rival for the mother’s affections
  • they want to possess the mother and have the desire to replace the father
  • however, the child also fears that he will be punished by the father for these feelings –> castration anxiety
22
Q

What is the Electra complex?

A
  • girls experience penis envy
  • they begin to identify with the same-sex parent as a means of vicariously possessing the other parent
  • Freud however, believed that penis envy was never fully resolved and that all women remain somewhat fixated on this stage
23
Q

What is the Latency stage?

A
  • the libido interests are suppressed
  • the development of the ego and superego contribute to this period of calm
  • it begins around the time were children enter school and becomes more concerned with peers, relationships, hobbies and learning
24
Q

What is the Genital stage?

A
  • the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex
  • if the other stages have been successfully completed, the individual should now be well-balanced, warm and caring
25
Q

What is Freud’s case study for the Oedipus complex?

A
  • Little Hans:
  • his father wrote to Freud because he was having trouble with his son, who had allegedly invited his mother to touch his penis - he also had developed a phobia of horses so strong he was afraid to go outside
  • Freud diagnosed him with the Oedipus complex
  • He advised Hans’ father to help his son identify with him and claimed this would resolve the Oedipus complex
26
Q

What are the negatives of the Little Hans case study?

A
  • only study for the Oedipus complex –> cannot generalise results
  • Freud never met Little Hans, only communicated through letters –> lacks validity
  • the link Freud made to his theory is very tenuous: apparently the horse symbolised Hans’ father because its blinkers and muzzle represented his spectacles and moustache. Therefore Hans was apparently not afraid of the horse, but castration at the hands of his father –> it’s much more likely he was frightened of the accident he had witnessed and that his phobia was a result of watching this and nothing more
27
Q

What are the strengths of Freud’s psychodynamic approach?

A
  • developed the first talking therapy - psychoanalysis. 1 in 3 Americans have a therapist and counselling is free on the NHS
  • first psychologist to link the unconscious mind to human behaviour
  • first to link childhood/relationship with parents, to mental health - something we know is influential –> attachment theory
28
Q

What are weaknesses of Freud’s psychodynamic approach?

A
  • all theories based on case studies of troubled individuals –> results cannot be generalised
  • case studies/evidence is not replicable
  • case studies are entirely subjective not objective
  • not lab-based or hypothesis tested
  • not empirical –> didn’t even meet the patients- unfalsifiable, they cannot be tested empirically - we cannot prove they exist, but we also cannot prove they don’t –> further criticising the approach’s lack of scientific validity
  • this approach assumes that the unconscious mind influences and drived all behaviour i.e. that we are entirely at the mercy of our unconscious mind/psyche - we have no free will

approaches psych ed (10 decks)

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