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Psychology Paper 1 > Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is assumption 1

A

Tripartite personality model

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2
Q

What is the id

A

‘Devil on the shoulder’
Drives hunger
Pleasure principle
Starts at birth

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3
Q

What is our ego

A

Develops aged 2
Makes compromise and puts the ID’s impulse in line with reality
Reality principle

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4
Q

What is the superego

A

Develops aged 3-5
Judges whether actions are moral or immoral
Morality principle
‘Angel on your shoulder’

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5
Q

What is the 2nd approach

A

The unconscious mind

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6
Q

What is the iceberg model

A

Top - conscious - thoughts/perceptions
Middle - subconscious - memories/stored knowledge
Bottom - unconscious - fears, sexual desires, violent irrational wishes

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7
Q

How to access our unconscious level

A

-parapraxes (Freudian slip)
-dream analysis
-ink blot test
-word association

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8
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms - assumption 2

A

Displacement
Projection
Repression

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9
Q

What’s displacement

A

Redirecting unacceptable feelings from the source to a safer target e.g taking anger for your boss out on your partner

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10
Q

What’s repression

A

Unknowingly placing an unpleasant memory in the unconscious e.g not remembering a traumatic incident when witnessing a crime

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11
Q

What’s projection

A

Attributing ones own unacceptable feelings to others and not yourself e.g accusing your partner of cheating because you had thoughts of doing the same

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12
Q

What’s assumption 3

A

Childhood experience

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13
Q

What are the 5 psychosexual stages

A

Oral - 0-18m
Anal - 18m-3y
Phallic - 3-5y
Latency - 5-puberty
Genital - puberty +

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14
Q

What does the libido focus on at the oral stage

A

Mouth

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15
Q

What does the libido focus on at the anal stage

A

Anus (potty training)

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16
Q

What does the libido focus on in the phallic stage

A

Genitals (external) (immaturity)

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17
Q

Libido focus at the latency stage

A

So sexual motivation

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18
Q

Libido focus in genital stage

A

Internal genitals

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19
Q

How can fixation occur

A

Frustration
Overindulgence

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20
Q

What is frustration

A

The stage has not been resolved because the needs haven’t been met - child is under satisfied

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21
Q

What is over indulgence

A

The needs have the child have been more than satisfied - child is too comfortable and reluctant to move to the next stage

22
Q

What is the Oedipus complex

A

Males only (castration anxiety)
Boy desires mum - wants to have sex
Boy sees father as a rival for mothers attention
Fears his father will find out and castrate him
Boy resolves conflict by identifying with father
Development of super ego substitutes from mum to other women

23
Q

What is the electra complex

A

Females only
Sexually desires father
Girls get ‘penis envy’ and blame mum
Girl sees mum as sexual rival
To resolve conflict she identify with mum
Super ego develops as does gender identity
Replaces penis envy with desire for child

24
Q

What is secondary elaboration

A

Unconscious mind collects different images and ties them together to make a story

25
Q

What is the psychodynamic therapy

A

Dream analysis

26
Q

What is dreams as wish fulfilment - component 1 of dream analysis

A

S- dreams protect sleeper and allow for some expression of deeper desires
E-dreams=unconscious fulfilment of wishes that cannot be satisfied in the conscious
E- e.g inappropriate sexual acts or murders

27
Q

What is symbolic nature of dreams - component 2 dream analysis

A

S-dreams filtered through layers of symbolism (protects the conscious from harm)
E-
manifest content = what the patient recalls
Latent content = hidden meaning unconverted by therapist
E- symbols represented in dreams e.g water=birth king/queen=mum/dad

28
Q

What is dream work - component 3 of dream analysis

A

S-latent content is transferred into manifest
E-
condensation = condensing 2 ideas into one
Symbolism = replaces the action/thing with a symbol
Representation = thoughts = visual images
Displacement = emotional significance displaced to another thing to protect us
Secondary elaboration = ties images together to make a logical story

29
Q

Role of the therapist - component 4 of dream analysis

A

S-uncover latent content by examining the manifest content
E-also consider the individuals life - context
E-final decision is made by the patient after hearing the therapist’s interpretations

30
Q

Evaluate the therapy - client therapist relationship- ethics

A

S-weakness
E-power imbalance
E-therapists advice may cause over-dependence on their progress
W-issue as the therapist may be more harm than good

31
Q

Evaluation of the therapy - research support - effectiveness

A

S-strength
E-research suggests dreaming and primary process thinking are linked
E-solms PET scans showed their rational thoughts = inactive and memory = active
W- strength as its scientific method

32
Q

Evaluation of therapy - case studies - effectiveness

A

S-weakness
E-case studies on own patients
E-e.g Dora and wolf man
W- weakness as its subjective and bias - unscientific

33
Q

Aim of the classical evidence

A

To see if there was association between delinquent behaviour and separation from mother

34
Q

Was is the methodology

A

-case study
-44 thieves
-44 non delinquent

35
Q

Features of the experimental group

A

Stealing problem
Over half were under 11
31 boys
13 girls
Aged 5-17
Binet scale:
50% had IQ between 85-114
15 has higher
2 had lower

36
Q

Features of the control group

A

Similar age and intelligence
Didn’t steal
Mothers were also involved to give background info

37
Q

Bowlbys findings

A

Children fit into 6 character types - main one was affectionless = 14
No affectionless characters in the control
12/14 had separation from mother
13/14 were ranked grade 4
4 thieves had psychotic families
Affectionless character = lack normal affection, shame or sense of responsibility

38
Q

Bowlbys findings - case study

A

Derek b
Separation from mother during critical period for 9 months
Was violent and stole
=affectionless
IQ =125

39
Q

Bowlbys initial procedure

A

Opportunity sample
Given mental tests and Binet scale
Emotional attitude recorded
Social worker interviewed their mums on their psychotic history
2h examination
Report back to Bowlbys
Team discussed school life/other reports
Discussed conclusions

40
Q

Bowlby procedure - therapy

A

Most continued therapy 1x a week for 6 months
Mothers talked about issues with the social worker
They could diagnose any emotional problems

41
Q

What is conclusion 1

A

Awareness should be raised of the damage maternal deprivation can have

42
Q

It is probably true to say that the affection-less character always steals and usually reoffends

A
43
Q

3rd conclusion

A

Affection-less thieves have a remarkably distinct early history of prolonged separation from mother

44
Q

Evaluation of research - alternative evidence - rutter

A

S-strength
E-supports Bowlbys findings as Rutter said rates of recovery links to age of adoption
E-children adopted before 6months had an IQ at 16
W- strenght as it adds credibility to Bowlbys findings

45
Q

Evaluation of research - sample

A

S-weakness
E-not representative
E-small area and only emotionally disturbed children
W-cant generalise to ‘normal kids’

46
Q

Evaluation of research - biased data

A

S-strength
E-rich, in depth, qualitative
E-high ecological validity
W-minimal researcher manipulation

47
Q

Evaluation of research - no casual findings

A

S-weakness
E-cant establish cause and effect
E-affectionless character could cause seperation? Vise versa
W-weakness as its not 100% accurate - there are other external factors

48
Q

Deterministic

A

S-weakness
E-removes the uniqueness from humans
E- removes the sense of responsibility
W-to generic

49
Q

Applications

A

S-strength
E-briggs et al - reduction in suicide and self harm for patients under going psychoanalytic therapy
E-can help to improve people mental health
W-beneficial for wider society

50
Q

Unscientific

A

S-weakness
E-does not use scientific methods
E- it is unfalseifable as the unconscious mind cannot be studied
W- weakness because it cannot be used by other psychologists

Psychology Paper 1 (5 decks)

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