Psychodynamic approach Flashcards

1
Q

Assumptions

A

Unconscious mind
Instincts/drives
Early childhood experiences

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2
Q

Unconscious Mind

A

Driving force behind our behaviour

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3
Q

Instincts/drives

A

Motivate our behaviour

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4
Q

Early childhood experiences

A

Pivotal in making us person we are
argued most of psychological development formed prior to 6yrs old

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5
Q

Iceberg model - Role of unconscious

A

Conscious mind
Pre-conscious mind
Unconscious mind
Freudian slips

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6
Q

Conscious Mind

A

Accessible part of mind

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7
Q

Pre-conscious mind

A

Thoughts may surface at any point into the conscious

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8
Q

Unconscious mind

A

The Inaccessible
Traumatic memories remain here
accessed through therapy or Freudian slips

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9
Q

Freudian slips

A

Saying something which accidentally reveals your unconscious desire.
Often be sexual or violent

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10
Q

Structure of Personality

A

Id
Superego
Ego

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11
Q

The Id

A

Pleasure principle
birth to 18 months
self and self-seeking pleasure

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12
Q

The Superego

A

Morality principle
3-6 years old
Acts as Individual’s conscious
Personality forms a moral code

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13
Q

The Ego

A

Reality principle
18 months & 3yrs
Logical and rational part of personality
Balances demand of both

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14
Q

Defence Mechanisms

A

Methods we use unconsciously to reduce anxiety and manage the conflict between id and superego.
Ways of protecting ego

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15
Q

Types of defence mechanisms

A

Repression
Displacement
Denial

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16
Q

Repression

A

Forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind where it is not accessible

17
Q

Displacement

A

Transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target.

18
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to acknowledge the reality of an unpleasant situation

19
Q

Psychosexual Stages

A

Series of stages every individual progresses through from from birth to adulthood.

20
Q

Different stages(Order)

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent
Genital

21
Q

Oral (0-1 years)

A

Pleasure is mouth- biting and sucking

Oral passive- no teeth so pleasure from sucking and swallowing. As an adult- non aggressive, dependent, very passive, gullible

Oral aggressive - pleasure from biting/chewing. As an adult- verbally or physically aggressive, sarcastic, critical.

Oral fixation - chew on pens, bite fingernails, smoke

22
Q

Anal Stage (1-3 years)

A

Focus of pleasure is the anus
Child potty trained

Anally expulsive - Child may love using potty and is overly keen.
As an adult - messy, insensitive, thoughtless.

Anally Retentive - If parents are very strict about potty training, child anxious to hold on to faeces
As an adult - organised, neat, perfectionist

23
Q

Phallic Stage (3-5 years)

A

Oedipus and Electra Complex
Phallic personality - narcissistic, reckless, possibly homosexual.
lead to jealous and amxious adult

24
Q

Oedipus Complex

A

Boy experiences intense sexual feelings for mother.
Father seen as rival, boy wants him to leave.
Boy threatened by father’s presence
Castration anxiety
Combat anxiety - identifies with father
Conflict resolved

25
Electra complex
Girls desire closeness with opposite sex parent Believe the mother removed the penis Develop penis envy of males When desire not fulfilled, expressed through desire for baby. Fear of losing mother's love Identifies with mother
26
Latent Stage (approx. 6 years)
Sexual energy displaced Calm time in development Concentrates on being a child
27
Genital Stage (approx. 12 years)
Sexual desires become conscious with onset of puberty Child becomes an adult Consequences of unresolved conflict means difficulty forming heterosexual relationships.
28
Advantages
Useful- Explains wide range of phenomena: personality development, gender... , focuses on psychological causes of disorders(not evil spirits) More we understand, more we can help people and quality of life is improved.
29
Advantages
Importance of childhood behaviour- understand children's progression through psychosexual stages and development. Strengthens children's right reform Means children should be nurtured as childhood plays important role in progression to adulthood.
30
Advantages
Psychoanalysis - Accessing unconscious Still used today for mental health - gives it a sense of validity and merit. Alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.
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Disadvantages
Problems with psychoanalysis - Time consuming, expensive and distressing memories revealed - Unconscious isn't observable or measurable - impossible to validate - Interpretations are subjective and unreliable Focus on the past rather than current problems
32
Disadvantages
Difficult to test - Not observable or measurable so difficult to test. - unscientific as can't be proven - lacks credibility
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Disadvantages
Case Studies - lack reliability and cannot be generalised to general pop. - contains many uncontrolled variables- no firm conclusions