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psychodynamic approach Flashcards

1
Q

who pioneered the approach?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

what do they believe that behavior is influenced by?

A
  1. different levels of consciousness
  2. the three parts of the mind
  3. progress through the psychosexual stages
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3
Q

the levels of consciousness

A

conscious
pre-conscious
unconscious

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4
Q

what is the conscious mind?

A

all of the mental processes of which we are aware
(thoughts + perceptions)

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5
Q

what is the preconscious mind?

A

contains memories that can be recalled to consciousness
(memories + stored knowledge)

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6
Q

what is the unconscious mind?

A

contains our biologically based instincts, the most important of which are the primitive urges for sex and aggression

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7
Q

what are manifest thoughts and behaviours?

A

appear on the conscious surface

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8
Q

what are latent processes?

A

hidden in the unconscious

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9
Q

what’ the difference in latent and manifest meanings?

A

manifest thoughts and behaviours are only indicators of a set of latent processes in the unconscious

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10
Q

how can we access our unconscious thoughts?

A

free associating
dream analysis
Freudian slips
Rorschach inkblot test

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11
Q

what are the parts of the tripartite personality?

A

the ID
the ego
the superego

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12
Q

what is the ID?

A

present from birth
works on the pleasure principle
seeks immediate gratification

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13
Q

the ID: extra knowledge

A

Freud called babies ‘bundles of ID’s’ as they are all about seeking pleasure and getting what they want

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14
Q

what is the ego?

A

present from 1-2 years
works on reality principle
balances the wishes of the ID and superego

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15
Q

what is the superego?

A

present from 4-5 years
works on the morality principle
forms an ideal self
will punish with feelings of guilt or praise with feelings of pride

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16
Q

why do we use defence mechanisms?

A

the ego has to protect itself from anxiety, caused by conflicts between the ID and the superego

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17
Q

what is repression?

A

forcing a distressing or threatening memory out of your conscious mind

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18
Q

what is denial?

A

failing or refusing to acknowledge some aspects of reality

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19
Q

what is displacement?

A

transferring feelings from the true object of anxiety onto a substitute target/object

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20
Q

what’s a strength of defense mechanisms?

A

has an intuitive appeal
most people can appreciate the idea

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21
Q

what’s a case study that supports DM use?

A

Repression of Dora to deal with someone making sexual advances to her as a child

22
Q

what’s a limitation of defense mechanisms?

A

lack of testability
their use can only be inferred so lack of evidence

23
Q

what are the stages of development?

A
  1. oral
  2. anal
  3. phallic
  4. latency
  5. genital
24
Q

what is fixation?

A

each stage has a conflict that the child needs to resolve to lead to healthy development
if they do not then they unconsciously remain in that stage for the rest of their lives

25
what is oral stage?
0-1 years ID is dominant
26
what is the libido focus of the oral stage?
the mouth
27
what is the oral stage successful resolution?
a person can enjoy food and drink healthily and form relationships
28
what are the behaviours of an oral character?
thumb sucking smoking biting finger nails
29
what is the anal stage?
1 - 3 years focus on expelling and withholding faeces
30
what is the anal stage successful resolution?
the ability to deal with authority and to have a balance between being orderly and disorganised
31
what are the behaviours of an anal retentive character?
excessively early or harsh potty training can lead to: stubbornness perfectionism obsessively tidy punctual submissive towards authority figures
32
what are the behaviours of an anal expulsive character?
over indulgence or late toilet training can lead to: extremely messy disorganisation rebellious
33
what is the phallic stage?
4 - 6 years important stage for gender identity and development of morals when opedius and electra complex's happen
34
what is the libido focus of the phallic stage?
genitals
35
what is the successful resolution of the phallic stage?
identification of same sex parents' morals
36
what are the behaviours of a phallic character?
recklessness resolute self assurance narcissistic excessively vein and proud can lead to: confusion about gender identity and possibly even homosexual
37
what is the latency stage?
7 - 10 years (until puberty) child represses sexual desires and channels energy into play don't tend to fixate here
38
what is the genital stage?
11+ years (puberty and beyond) comes with onset of puberty
39
what is the successful resolution of genital stage?
leads to the genital character who is the ideal adult: well adjusted mature able to love + be loved works hard contributes to society
40
what is the consequences of fixation at the genital stage?
can lead to unsatisfactory relationships or a failure to form relationships
41
when does the Oedipus complex happen?
during phallic stage (3-6 years) for boys only
42
what is the steps Freud's Oedipus complex?
1. boys unconsciously desire their mothers which leads to jealousy of father 2. so have castration anxiety in case father finds out 3. represses desire and identifies with father 4. internalises fathers male characteristics and morals 5. super ego develops
43
what is the Electra complex?
phallic stage (3 - 6 years) girls only
44
what is the steps in Freud's Electra complex?
1. girls are aware they have no penis and believe mothers castrated them so resent them 2. develop penis envy so father becomes love object (envy is of the power males have as a result of their penis) 3. represses unconscious wishes for her father and channels desire for a baby instead 4. leads to identification with mother so develops feminine identity 5. development of superego
45
what is the case of little Hans?
5 years - developed fear of horses after seeing one, pulling all over
46
what's Freud's explanation of little Hans fear?
Freud thought the cart symbolised his pregnant mother and the horse his father so had displaced his fear of his father onto horses the blinkers reminded Hans of his fathers glasses and the black hair reminded of his fathers beard and moustache
47
what is the case of rat man?
Ernsts Lanzer (late 20s) had an obsessional neurosis (dated back to childhood) had many fears: something bad was going to happen fears his father would die (but was already dead) main fear: a punishment where tas would bore into criminal's anus
48
what was Freud's explanation of rat man?
when he had indulged in sexual foreplay and feared his father would find out so associated sexual pleasure with fear of punishment and hostility towards his father so really fears punishment for himself but displaces onto fear of those close to him getting punished
49
what was the case of wolf man?
Sergei Pankeieff (23 year olds) was dependent and close to serious mental illness illness he had a dream he was lying looking to walnut tree with six wolves with long tails
50
what was Freud's explanation of wolf man?
1. wolves had long tails to represent fear of castration 2. stillness of wolves represented his father in violent motion - seen his parents having intercourse
51
what is strengths of the psycho dynamic approach?
has practical applications - therapies psychoanalysis takes an interactionist position on the nature v nurture debate
52
what is the limitations of the psycho dynamic approach?
has many aspects considered unfalsifiable - hard to test unconscious mind deterministic - no such thing as accident

psych (9 decks)

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