I+D gender and culture bias

Question 1

what is bias?

Answer 1

leaning towards a subjective view that does not necessarily represent objective reality

Question 2

what is universality?

Answer 2

applying conclusions or theories to everyone despite time, culture or gender

Question 3

what is gender bias?

Answer 3

the behavioural, cultural and psychological characteristics that distinguish males from females

Question 4

what are the 3 types of gender bias?

Answer 4

1. alpha bias
2. beta bias
3. androcentrism

Question 5

what is alpha bias?

Answer 5

the attempt to exaggerate the differences between the genders

Question 6

what is beta bias?

Answer 6

the attempt to downplay the differences between the genders

Question 7

what is androcentrism?

Answer 7

male behaviour is considered the norm meaning female behaviour is deemed as abnormal

Question 8

what are ways gender bias can occur?

Answer 8

• male samples being generalised to females
• male behaviour as standard
• biological differences emphasis

Question 9

what is ethnocentrism?

Answer 9

the assumption that one ethnic group is superior to another, or to all other ethnic groups

Question 10

how is ethnocentrism often seen?

Answer 10

in viewing western cultures as superior to eastern cultures

Question 11

what is cultural relativism?

Answer 11

behaviour can only be understood within the context of it’s own culture

Question 12

what did distinctions did John Berry draw in cultural research?

Answer 12

research can either be:
etic
or emic

Question 13

what is etic?

Answer 13

applying behaviour from outside the context of a given culture and making it universal
(refer to this as imposed etic)

Question 14

what is emic?

Answer 14

applying behaviour from inside a culture and explained as specific to that culture