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Psychology - Approaches > Psychodynamic Approach > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the psychodynamic approach laid by?

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

What notion did Freud propose?

A

That behaviour cannot be measured through conscious experiences, unconscious mind is responsible for the majority of behaviour produced

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3
Q

What is the unconscious mind?

A
  • Inaccessible deposit of memories/events
  • Traumatic memories/events are repressed here
  • Freudian slips acts as the unconscious mind revealing itself
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4
Q

What are the three personalities?

A

The ID, ego and superego

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5
Q

What is the ID?

A

Pleasure principle; primal urges and instant gratification, present at birth

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6
Q

What is the Ego?

A

reality principle; balance between ID and Superego, develops at anal stage

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7
Q

What is the Superego?

A

morality principle; boundaries of behaviour, develops in response to parental discipline in the phallic stage

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8
Q

Name the 5 psychosexual stages

A

Oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

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9
Q

Define the Oral stage

A

Develops at age 0-2, focus on the mouth, oral fixation of nail biting/smoking

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10
Q

Define the Anal stage

A

Develops at age 2-3, focus on the anus, ego develops here. If child is nervous to go toilet; anally retentive (obsessive perfectionist), if child is eager to go toilet; anally expulsive (impulsive)

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11
Q

Define the Phallic stage

A

Develops at age 3-6, focus on the genitals, oedipus complex develops, wreckless or narcisstic behaviour is produced.

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12
Q

Define the Latent stage

A

Develops at age 6-12, focus is hidden, relationships form, there is no unresolved conflict

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13
Q

Define the Genital stage

A

Develops at age 12 and continues into adulthood, psychosexual energy in the genitals and directs towards formation of adult relationships, fixation may cause trouble in forming heterosexual relationships

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14
Q

What part of the mind is the ID, Ego and Superego found?

A

ID: uncon
Ego: between con/uncon
Superego: mostly in uncon

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15
Q

List the three defence mechanisms

A

Repression, denial, displacement

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16
Q

What is repression

A

Repression occurs when a traumatic or distressing memory is forced out of the conscious into the unconscious

17
Q

What is denial

A

Denial involves refusal in accepting the reality of the situation

18
Q

What is displacement

A

Displacement is where the feelings towards a target individuals cannot be expressed directly and therefore transferred elsewhere

19
Q

AO1 - Assumptions and Tripartite Personality

A
  • Idea that the unconscious mind (storing out innate biological and instinctive drives) has a majority influence on behaviour and personality
  • Disturbing memories, trauma, Freudian slips
  • Tripartite personality; ID, Ego, Superego
20
Q

AO3 - Not Scientific

A

P: Inability to be scientifically tested
E: Unconscious mind cannot be empirically tested for

E: Unfalsifiable and a pseudoscience, lacks scientific credibility

21
Q

AO3 - Positive Practical Applications

A

P: Applauded for PPA
E: Biskup et al., (2005), naturalistic study of psychoanalytic theraphy, 77% of patients show clinically significant improvements

E: Greater chance of recovery, therapeutically effective, appreciate humans as complex beings, wider range in professional practices, higher utility in modern day society

22
Q

AO1 - Defence Mechanisms

A
  • Ego employs defence mechanisms to cope with conflicting demands of ID and Superego
  • Identify and explain the 3 defence mechanisms
23
Q

AO1 - Psychosexual stages

A
  • Development of psychosexual fixations leading to conflict if not resolved
  • Systematically state and explain psychosexual stages
24
Q

AO3 - Use of case studies

A

P: Assumptions based on utilization of case studies
E: Freud (1909), Little Hans, phobia of horses stemmed from fear of his father due to sexual desires for his mother (Oedipus complex)

E: special psychological interests, not generalisable, lacks ecological validity, findings may be prevalent of researcher bias, threatening internal validity of study, difficult to establish firm C+E, limited applications

25
Q

AO3 - Indirect Evidence

A

P: Indirect evidence for psychosexual stages
E: Lewis (1992) found that out of 140 college students, ones with clinical levels of depressive symptoms scored significantly higher on the oral pessisms questionnaire than rest of the sample

E: inability to esolve psychosexual conflicts resulting in destructive behaviours like anxiety and depression, beneficial to individuals through adoption of psychotherapy, providing face validity

Psychology - Approaches (7 decks)

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