Psychodynamic and Humanistic Therapies

Question 1

What are the four major types of psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 1

Freudian psychoanalysis
Jung’s analytical psychology
Adler’s individual psychology
Object-relations approaches

Question 2

According to Freud, the id, ego, and superego do what?

Answer 2

• Id (developed at birth) is the primary source of psychic energy, seeks immediate gratification, and is irrational
• Ego (developed around 6mo) seeks to gratify the id in realistic ways
• Superego seeks to block the id’s impulses rather than gratify, and is the internalization of external values.

Question 3

If the ego is unable to resolve the conflict between the id and superego rationally, it unconsciously uses _______.

Answer 3

Ego defense mechanisms

Question 4

Ego defense mechanisms include:

Answer 4

Repression (underlying all others)
Reaction formation
Sublimation
Projection

Question 5

The goals of Freudian psychoanalysis are to make the unconscious conscious and strengthen the ego, primarily through ___________ and _________.

Answer 5

Free association and dream analysis.

Question 6

The 4 stages of Freudian psychoanalysis are:

Answer 6

1) Confrontation - helping clients recognize their behaviors
2) Clarification - separating causes of behavior from irrelevant details
3) Interpretation - linking conscious behaviors to unconscious factors. This leads to catharsis (the experience of repressed emotions).
4) Working through - integrating new information into their lives

Question 7

Jung’s analytical psychology divided the unconscious into two parts:

Answer 7

• Personal unconscious - forgotten or repressed memories

- Collective unconscious - memories shared by all people

Question 8

Jung’s collective unconscious consists of:

Answer 8

Archetypes (anima, animus, persona, shadow, and hero), which predispose people to act in a certain way. They are carried through stories and myths.

Question 9

Goal of Jungian analytic psychology is:

Answer 9

Bring the unconscious into the conscious and help a person individuate (become a separate whole) from the collective. This is done through interpretation of dreams and analysis of transference.

Question 10

Adler’s individual psychology replaced Freud’s psychosexual motivations with social, teleological (future-oriented) motivations. These include:

Answer 10

FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY which lead people to STRIVE FOR SUPERIORITY. The way they do it is called their STYLE OF LIFE.

Question 11

Adlerian individual psychology’s goal is to:

Answer 11

Replace the client’s style of life with a healthier, more adaptive style of life, as well as overcoming feelings of inferiority. This is done so with recollections of early memories or role playing as if the client were there.

Question 12

Object relations theory believes human behavior is motivated by a desire for _________.

Answer 12

Human relationships

Question 13

In object relationship theory, early caregivers are known as ________.

Answer 13

Objects

Question 14

In object relations theory, when a person is able to form mental representations (introjects) of the self and of objects for reasons beyond its ability to satisfy the individual’s needs, this is called __________.

Answer 14

Object constancy

Question 15

Regarding object relations theory, object constancy is developed in three stages:

Answer 15

1) Normal autistic stage - totally self-absorbed and unaware of external environment (first few weeks)
2) Normal symbiotic stage - aware of external environment but unable to differentiate self and environment.
3) Separation-individuation stage - from 5mo to 3yo

Question 16

In object relations theory, these are the four sub-stages of the separation-individuation stage:

Answer 16

1) Differentiation
2) Practicing
3) Rapprochement
4) Beginning of object consistency

Question 17

Roger’s person-centered therapy holds a teleological view which holds that _______ is the primary drive for people.

Answer 17

Self-actualization

Question 18

To facilitate self-actualization, person-centered therapists provide what three conditions?

Answer 18

1) Unconditional positive regard (valuing and accepting the client)
2) Empathy
3) Congruence (authenticity)

Question 19

Gestalt therapy holds that people are driven by two factors:

Answer 19

1) Maintaining homeostasis

2) To fulfill unmet needs

Question 20

According to Gestalt therapy, pathology is created by:

Answer 20

Boundary disturbance between self and the environment which interferes with meeting needs.

Question 21

The five Gestalt boundary disturbances are:

Answer 21

1) Introjection(adopting others’ views)
2) Projection (others are the problem)
3) Retroflection (Doing to self what you’d like to do to others)
4) Deflection (avoiding contact with environment)
5) Confluence (blurred distinction between self and others)

Question 22

In Gestalt therapy, ________ is considered the curative factor. This applies to one’s actions, feelings, and thoughts.

Answer 22

Awareness

Question 23

Glaser’s reality therapy is based on choice theory, which hold that people have what five basic needs?

Answer 23

• Love and belonging
• Power
• Fun
• Freedom
• Survival

Question 24

In Glaser’s reality therapy, when a person fulfills their needs in a responsible way, they have adopted a _______. The opposite is called a ________.

Answer 24

• Success identity

- Failure identity

Question 25

The goal of Glaser’s reality therapy is to help a client adopt a success identity by helping clients ________ their needs.

Answer 25

take responsibility for

Question 26

An important component of positive psychology is Seligman’s PERMA model. This refers to:

Answer 26

• Positive emotions
• Engagement (immersion in activities)
• Relationships
• Meaning
• Accomplishment-achievement (self-betterment)

Question 27

Kelly’s personal construct therapy focuses on how people construe events, based on bipolar __________.

Answer 27

Personal constructs

Heavy on role play.