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psychodynamic Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the assumptions of the Psychodynamic Approach?

A

Assumes that all human behaviour can be explained in terms of inner conflict of the mind

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2
Q

What is the ice berg analogy?

A

-Conscious mind is just the tip of the iceberg; the much larger, hidden part of the iceberg is the
unconscious mind
-This contains repressed ideas/memories, primitive desires, impulses and instincts which then influence most of our everyday thoughts, feelings and behaviour.

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3
Q

Which approach utilizes the iceberg analogy?

A

Psychodynamic

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4
Q

What are the features of the tripartite personality?

A

-id, ego, superego

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5
Q

What is the id?

A

-primitive, formed at birth, unconscious, operates on pleasure principle, focuses on the self, deals with feelings and needs and contains the libido

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6
Q

Which part of the tripartite personality acts on the pleasure principle?

A

the id

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7
Q

When is the id formed?

A

from birth

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8
Q

What is the ego?

A

-rational part of the brain, mediates between the id and superego, operates on reality principle, conscious, role is to reduce conflict between id and superego

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9
Q

When is ego the formed?

A

around 2 years of age

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10
Q

What is the superego?

A

internalized sense of right and wrong based on parental and societal values
-our conscience/moral values, unconscious
-internal representation of the child’s same-sex parent
-causes feelings of guilt when rules are broken.

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11
Q

Which part of the tripartite personality operates on the morality principle?

A

superego

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12
Q

When is the superego formed?

A

3-5 years

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13
Q

What is a defense mechanism and how do they work?

A

-If an individual is faced with a situation that they cannot deal with rationally, defense mechanisms are triggered
-Tend to work unconsciously by distorting reality so that anxiety is reduced
-Ensure that the ego is not overwhelmed by temporary threats or traumas

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14
Q

Are defense mechanisms healthy?

A

Long term use can be psychologically unhealthy

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15
Q

What are the 3 defense mechanisms?

A

-denial
-repression
-displacement

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16
Q

What is displacement as a defense mechanism?

A

-transferring feelings from true source of distressing emotion onto a substitute target

17
Q

What is repression as a defense mechanism?

A
  • forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind
18
Q

What is denial as a defense mechanism?

A

-refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

19
Q

How many psychosexual stages are there?

A

5

20
Q

What are the psychosexual stages?

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

21
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the oral stage?

A

Mouth

22
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the anal stage?

A

The anus

23
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the phallic stage?

A

The genital area

24
Q

What is the latency stage?

A

Earlier conflicts are repressed

25
Q

What is the focus of pleasure in the genital stage?

A

Consciousness of desires

26
Q

What can be the consequence if there is unresolved conflict in the oral stage?

A

Biting nails, smoking, sarcasm

27
Q

What can be the consequence if there is unresolved conflict in the anal stage?

A

Obsessiveness, tidiness, meanness

28
Q

What can be the consequence if there is unresolved conflict in the phallic stage?

A

Self-obsession, envy, sexual anxiety

29
Q

What can be the consequence if there is unresolved conflict in the genital stage?

A

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

30
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

-Boy starts to sexually desire his mother and sees father as a rival for his mother’s attention
so wishes to kill him.
-He fears that his father will castrate him so is in a state of conflict which is resolved by internalizing and identifying with his father.
-This leads to the development of the superego.
-Substitution of desire for his mother into desire for other women.

31
Q

What is the Electra complex?

A

-Girl starts to sexually desire her father who has a penis.
-Mother seen as a sexual rival for her father.
-Penis envy develops, girl blames mother for removing her penis.
-Identification with mother so that she can have her father to resolve this.
-Superego and gender identity develops.
-Penis envy replaced with desire for a baby.

32
Q

What are the strengths of the psychodynamic approach?

A

-takes into account both sides of the nature nurture debate
-real world applications

33
Q

What are the limitations of the psychodynamic approach?

A

-deterministic
- Freud’s ideas are unfalsifiable

34
Q

Explain the strength of the psychodynamic approach that it takes into account both sides of the nature nurture debate ?

A

-Freud claimed that adult personality is the product of innate drives (nature) and childhood experiences (nurture).
- Innate drives refer to the Id, Ego, Superego as well as the five psychosexual stages of personality development, especially how frustration/ overindulgence may lead to a fixation on a stage and hamper development of adult personality characteristics
-Therefore the interactionist nature of this approach is a key strength

35
Q

Explain the strength of the psychodynamic approach that it has real world applications?

A

-For example, it introduced the use of psychotherapy which employed a range of techniques to access the unconscious, such as dream analysis, to help clients move their repressed emotions into their conscious mind to be dealt with.
-This method is the forerunner to modern day “talking therapies”.
-This shows the value of the psychodynamic approach in creating a new approach to treatment.

36
Q

Explain the limitation of the psychodynamic approach that it is deterministic?

A

-Psychodynamic theory states that behaviour is controlled by the unconscious mind - something we don’t have control of.
-Freud believed the conflicts of the unconscious mind are rooted in childhood.
-The approach is therefore labelled as an example of psychic determinism, and critics claim this is an extreme view because it dismisses any possible influence of free will on behaviour.

37
Q

Explain the limitation of the psychodynamic approach that Freud’s ideas are unfalsifiable

A

The ideas are not open to empirical testing.
-For example, many of Freud’s ideas such as the Oedipus complex, id and superego occur at an
unconscious level making them impossible to test.
-In addition, his ideas were based on the subjective study of single individuals, such as Little Hans, which makes it difficult to make universal claims about human behaviour.
-This is a limitation because it suggests that Freud’s theory was pseudoscientific rather than an established fact.

psych: appraoches (7 decks)

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