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AQA A-Level Psychology Paper 2 Approaches > Psychodynamic > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Flashcards

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1
Q

What are our minds mostly made up of?

A

The unconscious

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2
Q

What is in our unconscious mind?

A

Biological Drives and Instincts

Repressed Memories

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3
Q

What is the Preconscious?

A

Thought/Memories that we aren’t consciously aware of but we can access if we desired to

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4
Q

What is the structure of the personality?

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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5
Q

What principle does the id operate on?

A

Pleasure Principle - gets what it wantd

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6
Q

What are the features of the id? (3)

A

1) Present at birth
2) Throughout life its completely selfish & demands instant gratification
3) It is a mass of unconscious drives

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7
Q

What principle does the ego work on?

A

The Reality Principle

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8
Q

What is the role of the ego in the personality?

A

1) To mediate & reduce conflict between the id and the superego
2) Employs defence mechanisms to mediate

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9
Q

When does the ego develop?

A

Around 2 years of age

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10
Q

When is the superego formed?

A

At the end of the phallic stage (age 5)

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11
Q

What principle is the superego based on?

A

Morality principle

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12
Q

What does the superego do?

A

Punishes ego for wrongdoing - guilt

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13
Q

What does the superego represent? (2 things)

A

1) Our internalised sense of right and wrong

2) The moral standards of the child’s same sex parent

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14
Q

What can unresolved psychosexual conflict lead to?

A

Fixation - cause the child to be stuck and carry out certain behaviours associated with that stage

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15
Q

What are the psychosexual stages in order?

A

1) Oral
2) Anal
3) Phallic
4) Latency
5) Genital

Old Age Pensioners Love Grapes

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16
Q

When does the oral stage occur?

A

0-1 years

17
Q

Define the oral stage

A

Focus of pleasure is the mouth

Object of desire is the mothers breast

18
Q

What are the consequences of the oral stage being unresolved?

A

Oral fixation - smoking, biting nails, sarcasm

19
Q

When does the anal stage occur?

A

1-3 years

20
Q

Define the anal stage

A

Focus of pleasure is the anus

Gain pleasure through withholding and expelling faeces

21
Q

What are the consequences of the anal stage being unresolved?

A

Anal Retentive - perfectionist, obsessive (LINKS TO OCD)

Anal Expulsive - thoughtless, messy

22
Q

When does the phallic stage occur?

A

3-5 years

23
Q

Define the Phallic stage

A

Focus of pleasure is the genital area

Child experiences the Oedipus / Electra complex

24
Q

What are the consequences of the phallic stage being unresolved?

A

Phallic Personality - narcissistic, reckless, Homosexual

25
Q

When does the Latency stage occur:?

A

6 years - Puberty

26
Q

Define the latency stage

A

No further psychosexual development
Sexual impulses are repressed
Energy is channelled into developing new skills & knowledge

27
Q

When does the genital stage occur?

A

puberty - adult

28
Q

Define the genital stage

A

sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty

29
Q

What are the consequences of the genital stage being unresolved?

A

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

30
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

When conflict arises b/c a boy sexually desires his mother, yet is scared he father will find out and thus the boy develops castration anxiety.

31
Q

What is the Electra Complex?

A

When the girl begins to sexually desire her father but realises she doesn’t have a penis, thus causing penis envy and tension as the girl blames the mom for the castrated state

32
Q

How does the psychodynamic approach have Explanatory Power?

A

Dominate force in psych during 20th Century explaining a range of phenomena and drew attention to the influence of early childhood experiences on development.

33
Q

What methods were used in the development of the Psychodynamic Approach? Why is this a weakness?

A

Case Studies - specifically into Little Hans
Cannot make universal claims based on case studies as they are subjective to interpretations and Freuds findings cannot be falsified

34
Q

How is the psychodynamic approach psychically deterministic?

A

By claiming that all behaviour, even accidents(e.g. slips of the tongue aka ‘Freudian Slips’), are due to unconscious forces the approach rejects the idea of free will suggesting we are all slaves to our pasts.

AQA A-Level Psychology Paper 2 Approaches (6 decks)

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