Psychobiology of Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the fight or flight response?

A

This is the physiological response to stress

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2
Q

What are the three stages of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome?

A

Stage 1: Alarm Reaction– shift to sympathetic dominance –increased arousal
Stage 2: Resistance – endocrine system produces ACTH to maintain the increased arousal
Stage 3: Exhaustion– adrenals lose their ability to function normally

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3
Q

Describe the psycho-psychological and behavioural pathways linking stress and disease.

A

Events cause stress
Stress leads to physiological changes and behavioural changes
These lead to disease

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4
Q

Describe the findings of the Steptoe experiment on health behaviour and stress.

A

This observed the interaction between health behaviour and social support
Smoking: at baseline both groups were the same. During exam time: high social support smoked less, low social support smoked more
Drinking: at baseline high social support smoked more than low. During exam time: low social support drank more, high social support drank less

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5
Q

What effect does stress have on the immune system?

A

Immunosuppression

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6
Q

Describe Cohen’s experiment on stress and colds.

A

Exposed volunteers to a nasal wash containing cold virus and asked the volunteers to rate their level of stress The more stressed people were, the more they became ill with the cold

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7
Q

What is Type A behaviour?

A
Time urgency  
Free-floating hostility  
Hyper-aggressiveness 
Focus on accomplishment 
Competitive and goal-driven
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8
Q

What is the link between Type A behaviour and cardiovascular disease?

A

Increased risk of coronary heart disease

NOTE: the Western Collaborative Group Study confirmed this

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9
Q

What is the placebo effect?

A

An inactive substance can sometimes improve a patient’s condition simply because the patient has the expectation that it will be helpful

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10
Q

Describe the relationship between social support/relationships and health.

A

Individuals with adequate social relationships have a 50% greater likelihood of survival compared to those with poor or insufficient social relationships
Social support exerts effects beyond the protective psychological role
High social support is associated with decreased mortality

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11
Q

State some examples of components of stress management.

A
Organisation  
Time management  
Recognising stress 
Appraisal review  
Relaxation techniques 
Social support  
Formal support
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