Attention and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sensation?

A

The stimulus detection process by which our sense organs respond to and translate environmental stimuli into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain

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2
Q

What is perception?

A

The active process of organising the stimulus output and giving it meaning

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3
Q

Explain the difference between top-down and bottom-up processing.

A

Bottom-up processing = a process that consists of recognising and processing information from individual components of a stimulus and constructing a perception of the whole
Top-down processing = prior knowledge, expectations or thoughts act on this information to influence our final perceptual state

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4
Q

What are perceptual schemas?

A

A component of top-down processing – schemas provide mental templates that allow us to identify and classify sensory input, as each of our perceptions is essentially a hypothesis about the meaning of the sensory information

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5
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Incorporating new experiences into existing schema

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6
Q

What is accommodation?

A

The difference made by the process of assimilation

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7
Q

Describe Humphrey and Riddoch’s hierarchical model of object recognition.

A

Visual perceptual analysis (knowing it is something)
Viewer centred representation (knowing it’s a meaningful object)
Visual object recognition (describing what the object is)
Semantic system (purpose of object)
Naming the object

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8
Q

What is a critical period in perception development?

A

An important stage in the lifespan where one acquires a particular developmental skill, which is indispensable in their life span and can influence later development

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9
Q

What are the factors affecting perception of physical symptoms?

A

Attention
Environmental cues
Expectation
Emotion

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10
Q

What are the two different types of attention and how are they different?

A

Focused attention – ability to respond discretely to specific visual, auditory and tactile stimuli
Divided attention – highest level of attention – refers to the ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks or multiple task demands

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