PSYCHOANALYCTIC THEORY Flashcards
Contains all drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond awareness, yet they motivate many of our behaviors
UNCONSCIOUS
the forcing of unwanted,
anxiety-ridden
experiences into the
unconscious as a defense
Is the blocking out of
anxiety-filled experiences
repression
inherited
experiences that lie
beyond an individual’s
personal experience
phylogenetic
endowment
Contains all elements that are not conscious, but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty
Contains experiences
that are forgotten
PRECONSCIOUS
one of the two sources of preconscious that is largely free from anxiety
Conscious perception
one of the two sources of preconscious: ideas can slip past the vigilant censor and enter into the preconscious in a disguised form – dreams, slips of the tongue, etc.
Unconscious
Mental elements in awareness at any given point in time The only level of mental life directly available to us, but plays a minor role in Freudian theory
CONSCIOUS
At the core of
personality and
completely unconscious
Has no contact with reality yet strives constantly to reduce tension by satisfying basic desires Serves the Pleasure Principle
ID (das Es)
Only region of the mind in contact with reality Grows out of the id during infancy and becomes a person’s sole source of communication with the external world Governed by the Reality Principle
EGO (das Ich)
Guided by the Moralistic and Idealistic Principle Grows out of the ego; has no energy of its own Has no contact with the outside world
SUPEREGO (Uber Ich)
the subsystem of the superego: results from experiences with punishments for improper behavior; tells us what we should not do
Conscience
the subsystem of the superego: develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior; tells us what we should do Inferiority feelings
Ego-ideal:
to explain the driving forces behind people’s actions Seek pleasure and reduce tension and anxiety Motivation is derived from psychical and physical energy from basic drives
Dynamic, or motivational
principle,
German word,
refers to a drive or a
stimulus within the
person
Trieb
dynamics of personality
drives
sex
aggression
anxiety
Originate in the id, but
come under the control
of the ego
drive
characteristic of drive region of the
body in the state of
tension or excitation
source
characteristic of the drive means through
which the aim is
satisfied
object
characteristic of drive to seek pleasure
by removing or
reducing the tension
aim
characteristic of drive the amount of
force it exerts
Impetus
Can take the form of narcissism, love, sadism, and masochism All infants possess primary narcissism, or self-centeredness, but the secondary narcissism (moderate degree of self-love) of adolescence and adulthood is not universal.
sex
any person or
the thing that brings sexual
pleasure
Object (sex)
to seek pleasure
through the erogenous
zones
Aim (sex)
need for sexual
pleasure by inflicting
pain or humiliation on
another person
Sadism
experiences sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted by themselves of others
Masochism
Flexible and can take many forms (e.g. teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor, enjoyment of other’s suffering.
AGGRESSION
to return the
organism to an inorganic
state
Aim ( aggression)
: self-destruction
Final aim
commandment and the drive to inflict injury on others repression of strong hostile impulses and the overt and obvious expression of the opposite tendency
Reaction Formation
It is a felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger
ANXIETY
apprehension about
an unknown danger;
ego’s dependence on
the id
Neurotic Anxiety
closely related to fear;
ego’s dependence on
the outer world
Realistic Anxiety
Whenever the ego is threatened by undesirable id impulses, it protects itself by repressing those impulses; that is, it forces threatening feelings into the unconscious.
REPRESSION
A young girl may permanently repress her hostility for a younger sister because her hateful feelings create too much anxiety
REPRESSION
One of the ways in which a repressed impulse may become conscious is through adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form. Reactive behavior can be identified by its exaggerated character and by its obsessive and compulsive form
REACTION
FORMATION
A young woman deeply resents and hates her mother. But because society expects her to show affection towards her parents, she concentrates on the opposite impulse – love.
REACTION
FORMATION
People redirect their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed
may also refer to the replacement of one neurotic symptom for another. It is also involved in dream formation.
DISPLACEMENT
A woman who is angry at her roommate may displace her anger onto her employees, her pet cat, or a stuffed animal. She remains friendly to her roommate but she does not exaggerate or overdo her friendliness.
DISPLACEMENT
When the prospect of taking the next step becomes to anxiety provoking, the ego may resort to the strategy of remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological state.
FIXATION
A completely weaned child may regress to demanding a bottle or nipple when a baby sibling is born.
REGRESSION
Is the permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development Are universal
FIXATION
Reversion back to an earlier stage during times of stress and anxiety Quite common and are readily visible in children Is rigid and infantile is – similar to fixated behavior
REGRESSION
When an internal impulse provokes too much anxiety, the ego may reduce that anxiety by attributing the unwanted impulse to an external object, usually another person.
Defined as seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside within
PROJECTION
A man may
consistently interpret the
actions of older women
as attempted seductions.
PROJECTION
an extreme type of projection; a mental disorder characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution; not an inevitable projection but simply a severe variety of it
Paranoia
People incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego People introject characteristics that they see as valuable and that will permit them to feel better about themselves
INTROJECTION
An adolescent may introject or adopt the mannerisms, values, or lifestyle of a movie star.
INTROJECTION
Doing things that are socially acceptable, positive and productive Highest form or most mature defense mechanism
SUBLIMATION
Encompasses the first 4 to 5 years of life and is divided into three subphases: Oral Phase Anal Phase Phallic Phase
INFANTILE
PERIOD
Pleasure through sucking Weaning is the principal source of frustration during this stage.
ORAL PHASE
the emergence of teeth as a
defense against
environment
Oral Sadistic
Satisfaction gained through aggressive behavior and excretory function (sadistic-anal) Occurs at about the second year of life, when toilet training is the child’s chief source of frustration
ANAL PHASE
If parents use
disciplinary training
methods, a child may
develop
anal triad
Boys and girls begin to have differing psychosexual development, which occurs around 3 or 4 ages For both genders, suppression of masturbation is the principle source of frustration.
PHALLIC PHASE
breaks up the male Oedipus Complex and results in a well-formed male superego.
e Male Castration
Complex
From about age 5 until puberty – in which the sexual instinct is partially suppressed. It is believed that this may have roots in our phylogenetic endowment.
LATENCY
PERIOD
Begins with puberty when adolescents experience a reawakening of the genital aim of Eros, and it continues throughout adulthood
GENITAL
PERIOD
Freud hinted at a stage of psychological maturity in which the ego would be in control of the id and superego and in which consciousness would play a more important role in behavior.
MATURITY
Very aggressive technique – strongly suggesting to patients that they had been sexually seduced as children
Freud’s Early
Therapeutic
Technique
Goal: uncover repressed memories through the free association and dream analysis = strengthen the ego Transference Negative transference
Freud’s Later
Therapeutic
Technique
Manifest and Latent Content Nearly all dreams are wish fulfillment Dreams that are not wish-fulfillments follow the principle of repetition compulsion Dream content – dream symbols + dreamer’s association
Dream Analysis
Slips of the tongue or pen Misreadings Incorrect hearing Misplacing of objects Temporary forgetting of names or intentions
Freudian Slips
TENETS OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
The value of all human activity
must be seen from the
viewpoint of
social interest
TENETS OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
The one dynamic force behind
people’s behavior is the
striving for success or
superiority
TENETS OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
people’s blank shape their
behavior and personality
subjective
perceptions
TENETS OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
Personality is
unified and selfconsistent
The self-consistent personality
structure develops into a
person’s
style of life
Style of life is molded by
people’s
creative power
UNITY & SELF-CONSISTENCY OF PERSONALITY All behaviors are not directed toward a single purpose and that the entire personality functions in a self-consistent manner - true or false
false - directed
Each person is unique and
indivisible – unity of
personality, consistent
behavior does not exist. t or f
false- inconsistent
The disturbance of one part of
the body cannot be viewed in
isolation; it affects the entire
person.
: ORGAN DIALECT
ORGAN DIALECT
The deficient organ expresses
the direction of the individual’s
goal t or f
Body’s organs “speak.” t or f
true
true
