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USMLE > Psychiatry - Psychology > Flashcards

Psychiatry - Psychology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

A natural response is elicited by a conditioned or learned stimulus

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2
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Learning an action because it produces a reward

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3
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Reward for action

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4
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Aversive stimulus for action

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5
Q

What is punishment (psychology)?

A

repeated application of aversive stimulus extinguishes unwanted behavior

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6
Q

What is extinction (psychology)?

A

Discontinuation of reinforcement eliminates behavior

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7
Q

What is transference?

A

patient projects feelings about important persons onto physicians

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8
Q

Patient unconsciously shifts his emotion for his parent to the doctor. What is this?

A

Transference

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9
Q

What is countertransference?

A

doctor projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto patient

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10
Q

Doctor shifts emotion of important person to patient. What is this?

A

Countertransference

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11
Q

Ego defense: Acting out

A

Unacceptable feelings/thoughts expressed through actions

Immature

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12
Q

Ego defense: Dissociation

A

Immature

temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress

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13
Q

Ego defense: Denial

A

Immature

Avoidance of awareness of painful reality

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14
Q

Ego defense: Displacement

A

Immature

Avoided ideas and feelings transferred to some neutral person or object

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15
Q

Ego defense: Fixation

A

Remaining at more childish level of development

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16
Q

Ego defense: Identification

A

Modeling behavior after a more powerful person (not necessarily admired)

17
Q

Ego defense: Isolation of affect

A

Separation of feelings from ideas and events

18
Q

Ego defense: Projection

A

An unacceptable internal impulse attributed to external source

19
Q

Ego defense: Rationalization

A

Immature

Proclaiming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons to avoid self blame

20
Q

Ego defense: Reaction formation

A

Emphasis of opposite feeling

21
Q

Ego defense: Regression

A

Turning back maturational clock

22
Q

Ego defense: Repression

A

Involuntary withholding of idea/feeling from conscious awareness

23
Q

Ego defense: Splitting

A

Belief that people are all good or bad - seen in borderline personality disorder

24
Q

Ego defense: Altruism

A

Mature

Guilty feeling alleviated by generosity towards others

25
Q

Ego defense: Humor

A

Appreciating amusing nature of anxiety-provoking or adverse situation

26
Q

Ego defense: Sublimation

A

One replaces unacceptable wish with course of action similar to wish but does not conflict values

27
Q

Ego defense: Suppression

A

Voluntary withholding of idea

USMLE (13 decks)

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