Psychiatry Mnemonics Flashcards by Danny Tudor

Depression

SIG: E CAPS*
Suicidal thoughts
Interests decreased
Guilt
Energy decreased
Concentration decreased
Appetite disturbance (increased or decreased)
Psychomotor changes (agitation or retardation)
Sleep disturbance (increased or decreased)

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Dysthymia

HE’S 2 SAD
Hopelessness
Energy loss or fatigue
Self-esteem is low
2 years minimum of depressed mood most of the day, for more days than not
Sleep is increased or decreased
Appetite is increased or decreased
Decision-making or concentration is impaired

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Mania

DIG FAST
Distractibility
Indiscretion
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Activity increase
Sleep deficit
Talkativeness

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Hypomania

TAD HIGH
Talkative
Attention deficit
Decreased need for sleep
High self-esteem/grandiosity
Ideas that race
Goal-directed activity increased
High-risk activity

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Generalized anxiety disorder

WATCHERS
Worry
Anxiety
Tension in muscles
Concentration diffi culty
Hyperarousal (or irritability)
Energy loss
Restlessness
Sleep disturbance

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Posttraumatic stress disorder

TRAUMAS
Traumatic event
Re-experience
Avoidance
Unable to function
Month or more of symptoms
Arousal increased
Sympathetic arousal

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Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition

Physical Diseases That Have Commonly Appeared Anxious:
Pheochromocytoma
Diabetes mellitus
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Hyperthyroidism
Carcinoid
Alcohol withdrawal
Arrhythmias

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Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome

FINISH
Flu-like symptoms
Insomnia
Nausea
Imbalance
Sensory disturbances
Hyperarousal (anxiety/agitation)

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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

FEVER
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vital sign instability
Elevated WBC/CPK
Rigidity
WBC: white blood cell count
CPK: creatine phosphokinase

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Serotonin syndrome

HARMED
Hyperthermia
Autonomic instability
Rigidity
Myoclonus
Encephalopathy
Diaphoresis

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Anticholinergic Toxidrome

Muscarinic = SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
GI cramping
Emesis

Nicotinic = MTWTF
Muscle cramps
Tachycardia
Weakness
Twitching
Fasciculations

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Paranoid personality disorder

SUSPECT
Spousal infidelity suspected
Unforgiving (bears grudges)
Suspicious
Perceives attacks (and reacts quickly)
Enemy or friend? (suspects associates and friends)
Confiding in others is feared
Threats perceived in benign events

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Schizotypal personality disorder

ME PECULIAR
Magical thinking
Experiences unusual perceptions
Paranoid ideation
Eccentric behavior or appearance
Constricted or inappropriate affect
Unusual thinking or speech
Lacks close friends
Ideas of reference
Anxiety in social situations
Rule out psychotic or pervasive developmental disorders

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Borderline personality disorder

IMPULSIVE
Impulsive
Moodiness
Paranoia or dissociation under stress
Unstable self-image
Labile intense relationships
Suicidal gestures
Inappropriate anger
Vulnerability to abandonment
Emptiness (feelings of)

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Schizoid personality disorder

DISTANT
Detached or flattened affect
Indifferent to criticism or praise
Sexual experiences of little interest
Tasks done solitarily
Absence of close friends
Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships
Takes pleasure in few activities

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Antisocial personality disorder

CORRUPT
Cannot conform to law
Obligations ignored
Reckless disregard for safety
Remorseless
Underhanded (deceitful)
Planning insufficient (impulsive)
Temper (irritable and aggressive)

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Borderline personality disorder

DESPAIRER*
Disturbance of identity
Emotionally labile
Suicidal behavior
Paranoia or dissociation
Abandonment (fear of)
Impulsive
Relationships unstable
Emptiness (feelings of)
Rage (inappropriate)

Histrionic personality disorder

ACTRESSS*
Appearance focused
Center of attention
Theatrical
Relationships (believed to be more intimate than they are)
Easily influenced
Seductive behavior
Shallow emotions
Speech (impressionistic and vague)

Narcissistic personality disorder

GRANDIOSE
Grandiose
Requires attention
Arrogant
Need to be special
Dreams of success and power
Interpersonally exploitative
Others (unable to recognize feelings/needs of)
Sense of entitlement
Envious

Avoidant personality disorder

CRINGES
Criticism or rejection preoccupies thoughts in social situations
Restraint in relationships due to fear of shame
Inhibited in new relationships
Needs to be sure liked before engaging socially
Gets around occupational activities with need for interpersonal contact
Embarrassment prevents new activity or taking risks
Self viewed as unappealing or inferior

Dependent personality disorder

RELIANCE
Reassurance required
Expressing disagreement difficult
Life responsibilities assumed by others
Initiating projects difficult
Alone (feels helpless & uncomfortable when alone)
Nurturance (goes to excessive lengths to obtain)
Companionship sought urgently when a relationship ends
Exaggerated fears of being left to care for self

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

SCRIMPER*
Stubborn
Cannot discard worthless objects
Rule obsessed
Infl exible
Miserly
Perfectionistic
Excludes leisure due to devotion
to work
Reluctant to delegate to others

Substance dependence

ADDICTeD
Activities are given up or reduced
Dependence, physical: tolerance
Dependence, physical: withdrawal
Intrapersonal (Internal) consequences, physical or
psychological
Can’t cut down or control use
Time-consuming
Duration or amount of use is greater than intended

Substance abuse

WILD
Work, school, or home role obligation failures
Interpersonal or social consequences
Legal problems
Dangerous use

DELIRIUM Causes

``` I WATCH DEATH Infection Withdrawal Acute metabolic Trauma CNS pathology Hypoxia Deficiencies Endocrinopathies Acute vascular Toxins or drugs Heavy metals ```

DELIRIUM Life-threatening causes

``` WWHHHHIMPS* Wernicke’s encephalopathy Withdrawal Hypertensive crisis Hypoperfusion/hypoxia of the brain Hypoglycemia Hyper/hypothermia Intracranial process/infection Metabolic/meningitis Poisons Status epilepticus ```

DELIRIUM Deliriogenic medications

``` ACUTE CHANGE IN MS Antibiotics Cardiac drugs Urinary incontinence drugs Theophylline Ethanol Corticosteroids H2 blockers Antiparkinsonian drugs Narcotics Geriatric psychiatric drugs ENT drugs Insomnia drugs NSAIDs Muscle relaxants Seizure medicines ```

Neuroleptic side effects onset

``` The rule of 4's: Dystonia: 4 hours-4 days Akathesia: 4 days-40 days Extrapyramidal symptoms: 4 days-4 weeks Tardive dyskinesia: 4 months (greater than) ```

Autistic disorder: features AUTISTICS:

``` Again and again (repetitive behavior) Unusual Abilities Talking (language) delay IQ subnormal Social development poor Three years onset Inherited component [35% concordance] Cognitive impairment Self injury ```

Cluster personality disorders

Cluster A Disorder = Atypical, Unusual & eccentric. Cluster B Disorder = Beast. Uncontrolled wildness. Cluster C Disorder = Coward [avoidant type], Compulsive [obsessive-compulsive type], or Clingy [dependent type].

Schizophrenia: negative features

``` 4 A's: Ambivalence Affective incongruence Associative loosening Autism ```

Conduct disorder vs. Antisocial personality disorder

Conduct disorder is seen in Children. | Antisocial personality disorder is seen in Adults.

Tricyclic antidipressents (TCA): side effects TCA'S:

Thrombocytopenia Cardiac (arrhymia, MI, stroke) Anticholinergic (tachycardia, urinary retention, etc) Seizures

Bromocriptine [for USA gang members]

The CRYPTS are an LA street gang that likes to smoke DOPE. BromoCRYPTine is a DOPamine agonist.

Benzodiazepins: 3 members that undergo extrahepatic metabolism

``` "Outside The Liver": Oxazepam Temazepam Lorazepam These undergo extrahepatic metabolism and do not form active metabolites. ```

MAOIs: indications MAOI'S:

Melancholic [classic name for atypical depression] Anxiety Obesity disorders [anorexia, bulemia] Imagined illnesses [hypochondria] Social phobias · Listed in decreasing order of importance. · Note MAOI is inside MelAnchOlIc.

Nicotinic effects MTWTF (days of week):

``` Mydriasis/ Muscle cramps Tachycardia Weakness Twitching Hypertension/ Hyperglycemia Fasiculation ```

Muscarinic effects SLUG BAM:

``` Salivation/ Secretions/ Sweating Lacrimation Urination Gastrointestinal upset Bradycardia/ Bronchoconstriction/ Bowel movement Abdominal cramps/ Anorexia Miosis ```

Lithium: side effects LITHIUM:

``` Leukocytes Increased (leukocytosis) Tremors Hypothyroidism Increased Urine Moms beware (teratogenic) ```

Benzodiazepenes: antidote "Ben is off with the flu":

Benzodiazepine effects off with Flumazenil.

Sodium valproate: side effects VALPROATE:

``` Vomiting Alopecia Liver toxicity Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia Retention of fats (weight gain) Oedema (peripheral oedema) Appetite increase Tremor Enzyme inducer (liver) ```

Benzodiazepines: actions "Ben SCAMs Pam into seduction not by brain but by muscle":

``` Sedation anti-Convulsant anti-Anxiety Muscle relaxant Not by brain: No antipsychotic activity. ```