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MEDICINE > Psychiatry definitions > Flashcards

Psychiatry definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Illusion?

A

Misperceptions of external (real) stimulus.

E.g. seeing a coat hanging on door and thinking it’s a robber

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2
Q

Hallucination?

A

A perception experienced in the absence of external stimuli.
Different modalities: auditary, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, somatic.
Experienced as originating in the outside world (objective space) not in own mind (subjective space).

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3
Q

Pseudo-hallucination?

A

Perceptual experience that appears to arise in the subjective inner space of mind (rather than objective space originative from outside world like hallucination so not through one f the external sensory organs.)

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4
Q

Hypnopompic hallucination?

A

Experienced when awakening (can be normal)

‘‘pompei expolded= ‘‘wakening up’’

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5
Q

Hypnogogic hallucination?

A

Experienced when going to sleep (can be normal)

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6
Q

Autoscopic hallucination?

A

seeing oneself

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7
Q

What is a reflex hallucination?

A

Stimulation in one modality produces hallucination in another.
“I can feel you writing on my stomach”

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8
Q

What is an extracampine hallucination?

A

Hallucinations experiences outside of the sensory field

“I can hear people in Australia talking about me”- e.g. miles away

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9
Q

What are auditory hallucinations types?

A

2nd person: “you are bad, you deserve to die”

3rd person: running commentary “now he’s picking up a knife”, several voices discussing patients

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10
Q

What is an over valued idea?

A

An isolated belief which can dominate a patients life for years.
Exaggerated belief which is strongly held but can be shifted/ swayed by reason

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11
Q

What is a delusion?

A

A disorder of thought, a belief that is firmly held, not affected by rational argument or evidence to the contrary.
It is not a conventional belief (within educational and cultural background).

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12
Q

Types of paranoid delusions

A

Persecutors delusion
grandiose delusion
self- referential delusion

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13
Q

What are persecutory delusions?

A

Paranoid delusion
Patient believes a person or organisation are trying to harm them.
(Is feeling threatened ask if precautions to erect themselves e.g carrying weapons- risk assess)

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14
Q

What are grandiose delusions?

A

Paranoid delusion/ based around having special powers.

Beliefs of inflated self-importance, celebrity, supernatural

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15
Q

What are self- referential delusions?

A

Paranoid delusion-
See things/ normal stimuli and think they have special reference to self- objects, events etc.

“I hear them talking on TV about me”

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16
Q

What are nihilistic delusions?

A

Belief that things including self do not exist or been destroyed

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17
Q

What is Cotard syndrome?

A

Think they are dead or dying inside or putrifying

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18
Q

what is a misidentification delusion?

A

e.g. belief family members are replaced by imposters

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19
Q

what are religous delusions?

A

just describes the content of the delusion

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20
Q

partition delusion?

A

leads the patient to believe that people or objects can transgress impermeable barrier
(seen in late onset schizophrenia)

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21
Q

hypochondrical delusion?

A

e.g. believe they have cancer and have had testing showing they don’t

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22
Q

guilt delusion?

A

e.g. believe they are responsible for catastrophes

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23
Q

Erotomanic (De Clerambault’s syndrome) delusion ?

A

Patient develops a delusion that a man/women often of higher social standing is in love with her

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24
Q

Morbid jealousy (Othello syndrome) delusion?

A

Patient develops a delusion that a sexual partner is being unfaithful, high risk of violence

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25
Q

Delusional misidentification

(Capgras syndrome)?

A

Delusion that a close relative has been replaced by an impersonator (a number of variants possible)

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26
Q

Folie a deux?

A

‘’induced psychosis’’
Symptoms of a delusional belief and hallucinations are transmitted from one individual to another.
Most commonly diagnosed when the two or more individuals concerned live in proximity and may be socially or physically isolated and have little interaction with other people.

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27
Q

Ekbom’s syndrome?

A

‘’delusion of infestation’’

Patient believes to be infested with e..g bugs but inreality nothing is there

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28
Q

Delusional perception?

A

Describes a delusional belief resulting from a perception

Which a person believes that a normal percept has a special meaning for him or her

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29
Q

Thought alienation?

A

Disorder of thought. The feeling that ones thoughts are being interfered with in some way (includes thought broadcast, thought insertion, thought withdrawal)

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30
Q

Thought insertion?

A

‘’somebody is putting thoughts in my head’’- they are recognised as unfamiliar and not the patients’ own

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31
Q

Thought withdrawal?

A

Somebody/ thing is removing thoughts from my head e.g. stealing their ideas

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32
Q

Thought broadcast?

A

Own thoughts are made available to others, e.g. through satellites or telepathy

33
Q

Thought echo?

A

A form of auditory hallucination, associated with schizophrenia, in which the patient hears his/her thoughts spoken aloud.

34
Q

Thought block?

A

Have thought then stops, e.g. talking and then stops and cant remember what was talking about
Seen in schizophrenia

35
Q

Concrete thinking?

A

Lack of abstract thinking, normal in childhood e.g. literal meanings so is unable to think in abstract terms and will give an over-literal interpretation e.g. when asked the meaning of phrase ‘’a rolling stone gathers no moss’’
It is a symptom of schizophrenia

36
Q

Loosening of association?

A

There is a lack of logical association between thoughts giving rise to incoherent speech
It is characterized by discourse consisting of a sequence of unrelated or only remotely related ideas. The frame of reference often changes from one sentence to the next. Flit sentence to sentence or topic to topic

37
Q

Circumstantiality?

A

Is slow, rambling, convoluted but goal directed thinking, carry on and on and then eventually come to answer the question

38
Q

Confabulation?

A

Giving a false account to fill a gap in memory, without the conscious intention to deceive e.g. severe chronic alcohol misuse they cant forms memories so makes them up and believes them to be true

39
Q

Passivity phenomenon?

A

The core feature is the belief that one is no longer in control of one’s own body, feelings or thoughts. The individual feels that some external agent is controlling them to feel emotions, to desire to do things, to perform actions or to experience bodily sensations.

40
Q

Somatic passivity?

A

The belief that sensations are being imposed upon body by an external force

41
Q

Made acts, feelings &drives?

A

Something else is causing it (e.g. devil is moving my arm= made act)
(made act-= made to do something by something else)

42
Q

Stupor?

A

Non responsive to external stimulus (e.g. a state of near- unconsciousness or insensibility)= e.g. very drunk
(aka akinetic autism)

43
Q

Psychomotor retardation?

A

Movement slow due to mental health (e.g. depression)

44
Q

Flight of ideas?

A

Rapid skipping from one thought to distantly related ideas, the relation often being tentative
Don’t stop speaking, follows train of thought
(Manic phases of bipolar)

45
Q

Pressure of speech?

A

Is manifest in a very rapid rate of delivery, a wealth of associations which may be quite unusual (e.g. rhymes and puns) and often wanders off the point of the origin al conversation.
Continuous rapid flow of speech, hard to interrupt.

46
Q

Anhedonia?

A

Is the inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable

47
Q

Anergia?

A

Lost motivation/ energy to do things

48
Q

Incongruity of affect?

A

Mood doesn’t match to events

49
Q

Blunting of affect?

A

Blunted affect is a lack of affect more severe than restricted or constricted affect, but less severe than flat or flattened affect
.e.g. schizophrenia

50
Q

Flattening of affect?

A

no or nearly no emotional expression

51
Q

Belle indifference?

A

A condition in which the person is unconcerned with symptoms caused by a conversion disorder. A naive, inappropriate lack of emotion or concern for the perceptions by others of one’s disability, usually seen in persons with conversion disorder

52
Q

Depersonalisation?

A

Feeling of being detatched from themselves and not really them- can be seen with personality disorders

53
Q

Derealisation?

A

You feel the world isn’t real/ detached from them

54
Q

Dissociation?

A

Feels detached from whats going on (e.g. stress/ trauma)

55
Q

Conversion?

A

A condition where the patient has neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or fits, but without any neurological explanation.

Conversion of psychological trauma to physical manifestation. E.g. someone with legs mangled and then the person who saw cant walk/

56
Q

Mannerism?

A

Not necessarily pathological, e.g. always twirling hair when talking

57
Q

Sterotyped behaviour?

A

Form action/ movement in certain situations (no direction or form to the movement), e.g. pacing, rocking

58
Q

Obsession?

A

Intrusive recurrent thoughts, ongoing (e.g. ive left the gas on at home- something terrible will happen)

59
Q

Compulsion?

A

Action itself (e.g. repeated hand washing)- don’t necessarily have obsession

60
Q

Akathisia?

A

Sensation of restlessness, feel need for constant movement

61
Q

Tardive dyskinesia?

A

Involuntary sudden, jerky or slow twisting movements of the face/ body caused as an unwanted side effect of medication (mainly antipsychotic drugs)

62
Q

Catatonic behaviour?

A

The predominant clinical features seen in the catatonic subtype of schizophrenia involve disturbances in a person’s movement. Affected people may exhibit a dramatic reduction in activity, to the point that voluntary movement stops, as incatatonic stupor.

63
Q

Passivity phenomen?

A

Disorder of both thought and perception.

The feeling that one’s actions/ thoughts/ feelings are not their own but controlled by an external agency

64
Q

Egosyntonic?

A

Egosyntonic is a term referring to behaviors, values, and feelings that are in harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one’s ideal self-image.

65
Q

Egodystonic?

A

Egodystonic (or ego alien[1]) is the opposite of egosyntonic and refers to thoughts and behaviors (e.g., dreams, impulses, compulsions, desires, etc.) that are in conflict, or dissonant, with the needs and goals of the ego, or, further, in conflict with a person’s ideal self-image.

66
Q

Catatonia?

A

abnormality of movement and behaviour arising from a disturbed mental state (typically schizophrenia). It may involve repetitive or purposeless overactivity, or catalepsy, resistance to passive movement, and negativism
Catatonia is a state of psychogenic motor immobility and behavioral abnormality manifested by stupor.

67
Q

Clouding of consciousness?

A

denoting an abnormality in the regulation of the overall level of consciousness that is mild and less severe than a delirium. The sufferer experiences a subjective sensation of mental clouding described as feeling “foggy”.

68
Q

Perseveration?

A

An inability to switch ideas along with the social context, as evidenced by the repetition of words or gestures after they have ceased to be socially relevant or appropriate. May be caused be brain injury or other organic cause.

69
Q

Formal thought disorder?

A

Thought disorder (TD) or formal thought disorder (FTD) refers to disorganized thinking as evidenced by disorganized speech. Specific thought disorders include derailment, poverty of speech, tangentiality, illogicality, perseveration, and thought blocking.

70
Q

derailment

A

derailment (also loosening of association, asyndetic thinking, knight’s move thinking) is a thought disorder characterized by discourse consisting of a sequence of unrelated or only remotely related ideas. The frame of reference often changes from one sentence to the next.

71
Q

poverty of speech

A

or poverty of speech, is a general lack of additional, unprompted content seen in normal speech. As a symptom, it is commonly seen in patients suffering from schizophrenia, and is considered a negative symptom.

72
Q

Tangentiality?

A

Tangentiality as a medical symptom is a physical symptom observed in speech that tends to occur in situations where a person is experiencing high anxiety, as a manifestation of the psychosis known as schizophrenia, in dementia or in states of delirium.

73
Q

Mood incongruent?

A

Mood incongruent ‘‘conflicting’’ person’s belief or action, whether by hallucination or delusion, does not match with his or her mood.

74
Q

mood congruent?

A

consistent with their mood

75
Q

Lilliputian hallucination?

A

Also called alice in wonderland syndrome
An hallucination in which things, people, or animals seem smaller than they would be in real life.
Seen in delirium tremens and Lewy body dementia.

76
Q

Gedankenlautwerden

A

Gedankenlautwerden is an hallucination where a patient hears voices which anticipate what he or she is about to think, or which state what the patient is thinking as he thinks it.

76
Q

Echo de la pensee

A

Echo de la pensee is the phenomenon where a patient hears voices which echo thoughts just after they have occurred to the patient.
This symptom is suggestive of schizophrenia.

77
Q

Echolalia?

A

meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken words as a symptom of psychiatric disorder.

MEDICINE (5 decks)

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