Psychiatry Flashcards
What are the indications for ECT?
Catatonia
Severe depression (no response or contraindications to antidepressants or high suicide risk)
Mania (treatment resistant)
Contraindication of ECT
Cochlear implants
Side effects of ECT
retrograde amneisa, anterograde amnesia, complications with anaesthesia and induces paralysis, transiently increased intracranial pressure.
Differences between Alzheimer and Vascular dementia
Alzheimer: women, older age onset, chromosome 21, linear or progressive deterioration, no focal deficits, supportive treatment.
Vascular: men, younger than Alzheimers, hypertension, stepwise or patchy deterioration, focal deficits, treat nderlying condition
The differences in course, reversibility, presentation and treatment of Wernickes and Korsakoff?
Wernicke: acute course, reversible, ataxia, nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, thiamine.
Korsakoffs: chronic course, irreversible, confusion, psychosis, anterograde and retrograde amnesia, thiamine
What is Charles Bonnet syndrome?
Experience of complex visual hallucinations in a person with partial or severe blindness. Patients often have insight. Hallucinations consist of people, animals, children
What is seasonal affective disorder?
Disorder characterized by depressive symptoms found during winter months and absent during summer months.
What is dysthymic disorder?
A chronic disorder of depressed mood that is present most days for at least 2 years. Usually mild or moderate rather than severe.
What is Cyclothymic disorder?
Chronic disorder of periods of depressed mood and many periods of hypomanic mood for atleast 2 years.
What is the difference between the two types of bipolar?
Bipolar type 1: both mania +depression (sometimes only mania)
Bipolar type 2: more episodes of depression, only hypomania.
What are some side effects of lithium?
LMNOP Lithium Movement: tremor Nephrogenic: diabetes insipidus (resistant to ADH) hypOthyroidism Pregnancy problems
What affect can lithium have during pregnancy?
Affects feotus heart, causing ebsteines anomaly- tricuspid valve moves further into ventricle.
What are the core symptoms of depression?
Low mood
Loss of energy (Anergia)
Loss of pleasure (Anhedonia)
What are the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
wacky, wet, wobbly
Dementia, Incontinence, Ataxia
What is section 2 of the mental health act?
It is assessment order although treatment can be given (lasts for 28 days and cannot be renewed)
