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Fifth Year Medicine > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Give 5 examples of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

A 
Citalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Escitalopram
Sertraline
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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

A

Inhibition of reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the synaptic cleft.
Increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors.

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3
Q

What are the indications for SSRIs?

A

Depression
Bulimia
Obsessive compulsive disorder

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4
Q

What are the side effects of SSRIs?

A 
Dry mouth
Nausea
Insomnia
Anxiety
Decreased libido
Seizures
Dyskinesia
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5
Q

Give three examples of tricyclic antidepressants.

A

Amitriptyline
Imipramine
Doxepin

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Stops the reuptake of monoamines.
Binds to monoamine pump at pre-synaptic cleft.
The reduced reuptake of norepinephrine and/or serotonin combats depression.

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7
Q

What are the indications for tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Depression
Panic disorders
Neuropathic pain

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8
Q

What are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?

A 
Sedation
Postural hypotension
Tachycardia
Urinary retention
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
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9
Q

What are the possible effects of overdose of tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Seizures

Cardiac arrhythmias

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10
Q

Give four examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

A

Isocarboxazid
Phenelzine
Selegiline
Tranylcypromine

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

A

Decrease the normal activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down dopamine. This allows dopamine to function for a longer period of time.

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12
Q

What are the side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

A 
Orthostatic hypotension
Weakness
Nausea 
Vomiting
Headache
Fatigue
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13
Q

What are the side effects of lithium?

A

Long term use of lithium has been associated with increased risk of hypothyroidism and kidney damage.

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14
Q

What are the contraindications for using sodium valproate?

A

Not to be used in pregnancy or women of child bearing age.

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15
Q

What is somatic symptom disorder?

A

A mental disorder characterized by recurring, multiple, and current, clinically significant complaints about physical symptoms.

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16
Q

What is the first line treatment of ADHD in adults?

A

Methylphenidate

17
Q

What are the triad of core symptoms found in autism?

A

Abnormal reciprocal social interaction
Communication / language impairment
Restricted and repetitive interests / activities

18
Q

Give 3 examples of benzodiazepines.

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

A

Increases GABA affinity for GABA receptor.
GABA binding to receptor increases chloride flow through chloride channels. Hyperpolarisation occurs - reducing activity of limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic areas of the brain.

20
Q

What are the indications for benzodiazepines?

A

Anxiety
Epilepsy
Muscle spasm
Alcohol withdrawal

21
Q

What are the side effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Sedation
Ataxia
Altered mental status
Insomnia

22
Q

Give two examples of first generation typical antipsychotics.

A

Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine

23
Q

Give two examples of atypical antipsychotics.

A

Olanzapine

Clozapine

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of antipsychotics?

A

Block dopamine receptors.
Action on mesolimbic and nigrostriatal parts of the brain.
Also have anti-histaminergic and anti-cholinergic effects.
These effects reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia and can cause sedation and provide anti-emetic activity.

25
Q

What are the indications of anti-psychotics?

A 
Schizophrenia
Mania
Delusions, hallucinations
Behavioural problems
Anti-emetic (haloperidol)
26
Q

What are the side effects of antipsychotics?

A 
Sedation
Postural hypotension
Tachycardia
Urinary retention
Dry mouth
Blurry vision
27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of lithium?

A

Stimulates the NMDA receptor, increasing glutamate availability in the postsynaptic neuron.

28
Q

Give an example of a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.

A

Duloxetine

29
Q

Give an indication for noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors.

A

Major depressive disorders
Anxiety disorders
ADHD

30
Q

What are contraindications for noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors?

A

People with high risk of cardiac arrhythmia

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