Psychiatry Flashcards
Give 5 examples of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Citalopram Fluoxetine Paroxetine Escitalopram Sertraline
What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?
Inhibition of reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the synaptic cleft.
Increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors.
What are the indications for SSRIs?
Depression
Bulimia
Obsessive compulsive disorder
What are the side effects of SSRIs?
Dry mouth Nausea Insomnia Anxiety Decreased libido Seizures Dyskinesia
Give three examples of tricyclic antidepressants.
Amitriptyline
Imipramine
Doxepin
What is the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants?
Stops the reuptake of monoamines.
Binds to monoamine pump at pre-synaptic cleft.
The reduced reuptake of norepinephrine and/or serotonin combats depression.
What are the indications for tricyclic antidepressants?
Depression
Panic disorders
Neuropathic pain
What are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?
Sedation Postural hypotension Tachycardia Urinary retention Dry mouth Blurred vision
What are the possible effects of overdose of tricyclic antidepressants?
Seizures
Cardiac arrhythmias
Give four examples of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
Isocarboxazid
Phenelzine
Selegiline
Tranylcypromine
What is the mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
Decrease the normal activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down dopamine. This allows dopamine to function for a longer period of time.
What are the side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
Orthostatic hypotension Weakness Nausea Vomiting Headache Fatigue
What are the side effects of lithium?
Long term use of lithium has been associated with increased risk of hypothyroidism and kidney damage.
What are the contraindications for using sodium valproate?
Not to be used in pregnancy or women of child bearing age.
What is somatic symptom disorder?
A mental disorder characterized by recurring, multiple, and current, clinically significant complaints about physical symptoms.
What is the first line treatment of ADHD in adults?
Methylphenidate
What are the triad of core symptoms found in autism?
Abnormal reciprocal social interaction
Communication / language impairment
Restricted and repetitive interests / activities
Give 3 examples of benzodiazepines.
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam
What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
Increases GABA affinity for GABA receptor.
GABA binding to receptor increases chloride flow through chloride channels. Hyperpolarisation occurs - reducing activity of limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic areas of the brain.
What are the indications for benzodiazepines?
Anxiety
Epilepsy
Muscle spasm
Alcohol withdrawal
What are the side effects of benzodiazepines?
Sedation
Ataxia
Altered mental status
Insomnia
Give two examples of first generation typical antipsychotics.
Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine
Give two examples of atypical antipsychotics.
Olanzapine
Clozapine
What is the mechanism of action of antipsychotics?
Block dopamine receptors.
Action on mesolimbic and nigrostriatal parts of the brain.
Also have anti-histaminergic and anti-cholinergic effects.
These effects reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia and can cause sedation and provide anti-emetic activity.
