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Fifth Year Medicine > Sexual Health > Flashcards

Sexual Health Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of test is used to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

A

Nucleic acid amplification testing - dual PCR test.

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2
Q

Where do women swab to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

A

Vagina

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3
Q

Where do men swab to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

A

Urine sample

If history dictates:
pharynx
rectal

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4
Q

What kind of test is used to test for herpes?

A

Viral PCR test - swab fluid from ulcers.

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5
Q

What is meant by a window period?

A

The period of time when a person may be infected but the test is not yet positive.

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6
Q

What is the window period for chlamydia?

A

2 weeks

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7
Q

What is the window period for gonorrhoea?

A

2 weeks

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8
Q

What is the window period for HIV?

A

4 weeks

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9
Q

What is the window period for syphilis?

A

3 months

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10
Q

What is the window period for hep B?

A

3 months

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11
Q

What is the window period for hep C?

A

4 weeks to 3 months

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12
Q

What are the long acting, reversible methods of contraception?

A

Implant
Injection
Intrauterine device (hormonal or non-hormonal)

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13
Q

What are the long acting permanent methods of contraception?

A

Vasectomy

Sterilisation

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14
Q

What are the methods of contraception that must be taken/used regularly?

A

Hormonal pills, patches or rings
Condoms
Diaphragms

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15
Q

Which hormone does the implant release?

A

Progestogen

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16
Q

What are the side effects of the implant?

A

1/3 women:

  • no periods
  • regular periods
  • unpredictable bleeding
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17
Q

Which hormone does the injection release?

A

Progestogen

18
Q

How do progestogen hormones stop pregnancy?

A

Stops egg being released
Mucus thicker
Thins lining of womb

19
Q

How often should the injection be given?

A

Every 13 weeks

20
Q

What is the typical failure rate of the injection?

A

6%

21
Q

What are the side effects of the injection?

A 
Stop having periods
Irregular bleeding
Weight gain
Reduce bone mineral density
Can take up to a year to start ovulating again after stopping use.
22
Q

How does the hormonal coil reduce pregnancy?

A

Progestogen - thins endometrium, mucus thicker. 10% inhibits ovulation.

23
Q

What are the side effects of the hormonal coil?

A

Periods lighter and less painful, may stop altogether.

Irregular bleeding common for first 6 months.

24
Q

How does the copper coil reduce pregnancy?

A

Copper kills sperm, stops implantation, mucus thick.

25
Q

What are the side effects of the copper coil?

A

Periods can be heavier and more painful

26
Q

How long does the mirena coil last?

A

3-5 years

27
Q

How long does the copper coil last?

A

5-10 years

28
Q

How does combined hormonal contraception reduce pregnancy?

A

Inhibits ovulation

Alters mucus and endometrium

29
Q

What is the typical failure rate of combined hormonal contraception?

A

9%

30
Q

What are the benefits of combined hormonal contraception?

A

Reduces bleeding and period pain

Can hep with premenstrual symptoms

31
Q

What are the risks of combined hormonal contraception?

A

Small increased risk of VTE/PE
Migraine with aura contraindications
Small increased risk of breast cancer while on (reduce when stopped)

32
Q

How does the progestogen only pill reduce pregnancy?

A

Thicken mucus
Thins endometrium
Inhibits ovulation

33
Q

What is the typical failure rate of the progestogen only pill?

A

9%

34
Q

What are the benefits of the progestogen only pill?

A

Safe - can be used by people who smoke and are over 35 years.
Can be used by people breastfeeding or who have contraindications to oestrogen.

35
Q

What are the side effects of the progestogen only pill?

A

Break through bleeding

Amenorrhoea

36
Q

What happens in female sterilisation?

A

Tubes cut, sealed or blocked.

37
Q

What is the typical failure rate in sterilisation?

A

Female: 0.5%
Male: 0.15%

38
Q

What is the typical failure rate for condoms?

A

18%

39
Q

What is Gillick competence?

A

Applies to under 16s and their capacity to consent to their own treatment.

40
Q

What are Fraser guidelines?

A

Concerned with contraception and criteria healthcare professional must satisfy themselves with.

41
Q

What are the criteria for the Fraser guidelines?

A

Understand - young person must be able to understand the advice given and have sufficient maturity to understand all implications.
Parental involvement - the young person cannot be persuaded to inform his/her parent/carer that advice on contraception has been sought.
Sexual activity - the young person is very likely to have sexual intercourse with or without contraceptive advice or treatment.
Suffering - the young person’s mental or physical health might suffer unless they receive contraceptive advice/treatment
Interests - it is in the young persons best interest to receive the advice or treatment even without parental/carer consent.

Fifth Year Medicine (9 decks)

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